fix: document /models directive regression (#1753) (thanks @uos-status)

* feat(tts): support custom OpenAI-compatible TTS endpoints

Add OPENAI_TTS_BASE_URL environment variable to allow using self-hosted
or third-party OpenAI-compatible TTS services like Kokoro, LocalAI, or
OpenedAI-Speech.

Changes:
- Add OPENAI_TTS_BASE_URL env var (defaults to OpenAI official API)
- Relax model/voice validation when using custom endpoints
- Add tts-1 and tts-1-hd to the model allowlist

This enables users to:
- Use local TTS for privacy and cost savings
- Use models with better non-English language support (Chinese, Japanese)
- Reduce latency with local inference

Example usage:
  OPENAI_TTS_BASE_URL=http://localhost:8880/v1

Tested with Kokoro-FastAPI.

* fix: strip trailing slashes from OPENAI_TTS_BASE_URL

Address review feedback: normalize the base URL by removing trailing
slashes to prevent double-slash paths like /v1//audio/speech which
cause 404 errors on some OpenAI-compatible servers.

* style: format code with oxfmt

* test: update tests for expanded OpenAI TTS model list

- Accept tts-1 and tts-1-hd as valid models
- Update OPENAI_TTS_MODELS length expectation to 3

---------

Co-authored-by: zhixian <zhixian@bunker.local>

CHANGELOG.md

@@ -14,31 +14,44 @@ Docs: https://docs.clawd.bot
 - TTS: add auto mode enum (off/always/inbound/tagged) with per-session `/tts` override. (#1667) Thanks @sebslight. https://docs.clawd.bot/tts
 - Docs: expand FAQ (migration, scheduling, concurrency, model recommendations, OpenAI subscription auth, Pi sizing, hackable install, docs SSL workaround).
 - Docs: add verbose installer troubleshooting guidance.
+- Docs: add macOS VM guide with local/hosted options + VPS/nodes guidance. (#1693) Thanks @f-trycua.
 - Docs: update Fly.io guide notes.
 - Docs: add Bedrock EC2 instance role setup + IAM steps. (#1625) Thanks @sergical. https://docs.clawd.bot/bedrock
 - Exec approvals: forward approval prompts to chat with `/approve` for all channels (including plugins). (#1621) Thanks @czekaj. https://docs.clawd.bot/tools/exec-approvals https://docs.clawd.bot/tools/slash-commands
 - Gateway: expose config.patch in the gateway tool with safe partial updates + restart sentinel. (#1653) Thanks @Glucksberg.
+- Telegram: add `channels.telegram.linkPreview` to toggle outbound link previews. (#1700) Thanks @zerone0x. https://docs.clawd.bot/channels/telegram
+- Telegram: treat DM topics as separate sessions and keep DM history limits stable with thread suffixes. (#1597) Thanks @rohannagpal.
+- Telegram: add verbose raw-update logging for inbound Telegram updates. (#1597) Thanks @rohannagpal.
 
 ### Fixes
 - BlueBubbles: keep part-index GUIDs in reply tags when short IDs are missing.
 - Web UI: hide internal `message_id` hints in chat bubbles.
 - Web UI: show Stop button during active runs, swap back to New session when idle. (#1664) Thanks @ndbroadbent.
+- Web UI: clear stale disconnect banners on reconnect; allow form saves with unsupported schema paths but block missing schema. (#1707) Thanks @Glucksberg.
+- Auto-reply: don't treat `/models` as a `/model` directive. (#1753) Thanks @uos-status.
 - Heartbeat: normalize target identifiers for consistent routing.
 - TUI: reload history after gateway reconnect to restore session state. (#1663)
 - Telegram: use wrapped fetch for long-polling on Node to normalize AbortSignal handling. (#1639)
 - Telegram: set fetch duplex="half" for uploads on Node 22 to avoid sendPhoto failures. (#1684) Thanks @commdata2338.
 - Signal: repair reaction sends (group/UUID targets + CLI author flags). (#1651) Thanks @vilkasdev.
+- Signal: add configurable signal-cli startup timeout + external daemon mode docs. (#1677) https://docs.clawd.bot/channels/signal
 - Exec: keep approvals for elevated ask unless full mode. (#1616) Thanks @ivancasco.
 - Agents: auto-compact on context overflow prompt errors before failing. (#1627) Thanks @rodrigouroz.
 - Agents: use the active auth profile for auto-compaction recovery.
 - Models: default missing custom provider fields so minimal configs are accepted.
 - Gateway: skip Tailscale DNS probing when tailscale.mode is off. (#1671)
 - Gateway: reduce log noise for late invokes + remote node probes; debounce skills refresh. (#1607) Thanks @petter-b.
+- Gateway: clarify Control UI/WebChat auth error hints for missing tokens. (#1690)
+- Gateway: listen on IPv6 loopback when bound to 127.0.0.1 so localhost webhooks work.
+- Gateway: store lock files in the temp directory to avoid stale locks on persistent volumes. (#1676)
 - macOS: default direct-transport `ws://` URLs to port 18789; document `gateway.remote.transport`. (#1603) Thanks @ngutman.
 - Voice Call: return stream TwiML for outbound conversation calls on initial Twilio webhook. (#1634)
 - Google Chat: tighten email allowlist matching, typing cleanup, media caps, and onboarding/docs/tests. (#1635) Thanks @iHildy.
 - Google Chat: normalize space targets without double `spaces/` prefix.
 - Messaging: keep newline chunking safe for fenced markdown blocks across channels.
+- Tests: cap Vitest workers on CI macOS to reduce timeouts. (#1597) Thanks @rohannagpal.
+- Tests: avoid fake-timer dependency in embedded runner stream mock to reduce CI flakes. (#1597) Thanks @rohannagpal.
+- Tests: increase embedded runner ordering test timeout to reduce CI flakes. (#1597) Thanks @rohannagpal.
 
 ## 2026.1.23-1
 

docs/channels/grammy.md

@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ read_when:
 - **Proxy:** optional `channels.telegram.proxy` uses `undici.ProxyAgent` through grammY’s `client.baseFetch`.
 - **Webhook support:** `webhook-set.ts` wraps `setWebhook/deleteWebhook`; `webhook.ts` hosts the callback with health + graceful shutdown. Gateway enables webhook mode when `channels.telegram.webhookUrl` is set (otherwise it long-polls).
 - **Sessions:** direct chats collapse into the agent main session (`agent:<agentId>:<mainKey>`); groups use `agent:<agentId>:telegram:group:<chatId>`; replies route back to the same channel.
-- **Config knobs:** `channels.telegram.botToken`, `channels.telegram.dmPolicy`, `channels.telegram.groups` (allowlist + mention defaults), `channels.telegram.allowFrom`, `channels.telegram.groupAllowFrom`, `channels.telegram.groupPolicy`, `channels.telegram.mediaMaxMb`, `channels.telegram.proxy`, `channels.telegram.webhookSecret`, `channels.telegram.webhookUrl`.
+- **Config knobs:** `channels.telegram.botToken`, `channels.telegram.dmPolicy`, `channels.telegram.groups` (allowlist + mention defaults), `channels.telegram.allowFrom`, `channels.telegram.groupAllowFrom`, `channels.telegram.groupPolicy`, `channels.telegram.mediaMaxMb`, `channels.telegram.linkPreview`, `channels.telegram.proxy`, `channels.telegram.webhookSecret`, `channels.telegram.webhookUrl`.
 - **Draft streaming:** optional `channels.telegram.streamMode` uses `sendMessageDraft` in private topic chats (Bot API 9.3+). This is separate from channel block streaming.
 - **Tests:** grammy mocks cover DM + group mention gating and outbound send; more media/webhook fixtures still welcome.
 

docs/channels/signal.md

@@ -74,6 +74,22 @@ Example:
 
 Multi-account support: use `channels.signal.accounts` with per-account config and optional `name`. See [`gateway/configuration`](/gateway/configuration#telegramaccounts--discordaccounts--slackaccounts--signalaccounts--imessageaccounts) for the shared pattern.
 
+## External daemon mode (httpUrl)
+If you want to manage `signal-cli` yourself (slow JVM cold starts, container init, or shared CPUs), run the daemon separately and point Clawdbot at it:
+
+```json5
+{
+  channels: {
+    signal: {
+      httpUrl: "http://127.0.0.1:8080",
+      autoStart: false
+    }
+  }
+}
+```
+
+This skips auto-spawn and the startup wait inside Clawdbot. For slow starts when auto-spawning, set `channels.signal.startupTimeoutMs`.
+
 ## Access control (DMs + groups)
 DMs:
 - Default: `channels.signal.dmPolicy = "pairing"`.
@@ -142,6 +158,7 @@ Provider options:
 - `channels.signal.httpUrl`: full daemon URL (overrides host/port).
 - `channels.signal.httpHost`, `channels.signal.httpPort`: daemon bind (default 127.0.0.1:8080).
 - `channels.signal.autoStart`: auto-spawn daemon (default true if `httpUrl` unset).
+- `channels.signal.startupTimeoutMs`: startup wait timeout in ms (cap 120000).
 - `channels.signal.receiveMode`: `on-start | manual`.
 - `channels.signal.ignoreAttachments`: skip attachment downloads.
 - `channels.signal.ignoreStories`: ignore stories from the daemon.

docs/channels/telegram.md

@@ -525,6 +525,7 @@ Provider options:
 - `channels.telegram.replyToMode`: `off | first | all` (default: `first`).
 - `channels.telegram.textChunkLimit`: outbound chunk size (chars).
 - `channels.telegram.chunkMode`: `length` (default) or `newline` to split on newlines before length chunking.
+- `channels.telegram.linkPreview`: toggle link previews for outbound messages (default: true).
 - `channels.telegram.streamMode`: `off | partial | block` (draft streaming).
 - `channels.telegram.mediaMaxMb`: inbound/outbound media cap (MB).
 - `channels.telegram.retry`: retry policy for outbound Telegram API calls (attempts, minDelayMs, maxDelayMs, jitter).

docs/concepts/model-providers.md

@@ -89,6 +89,8 @@ Clawdbot ships with the pi‑ai catalog. These providers require **no**
 - Gemini CLI OAuth is shipped as a bundled plugin (`google-gemini-cli-auth`, disabled by default).
   - Enable: `clawdbot plugins enable google-gemini-cli-auth`
   - Login: `clawdbot models auth login --provider google-gemini-cli --set-default`
+  - Note: you do **not** paste a client id or secret into `clawdbot.json`. The CLI login flow stores
+    tokens in auth profiles on the gateway host.
 
 ### Z.AI (GLM)
 

docs/docs.json

@@ -1048,6 +1048,7 @@
         "pages": [
           "platforms",
           "platforms/macos",
+          "platforms/macos-vm",
           "platforms/ios",
           "platforms/android",
           "platforms/windows",

docs/gateway/configuration.md

@@ -1021,6 +1021,7 @@ Set `channels.telegram.configWrites: false` to block Telegram-initiated config w
       ],
       historyLimit: 50,                     // include last N group messages as context (0 disables)
       replyToMode: "first",                 // off | first | all
+      linkPreview: true,                   // toggle outbound link previews
       streamMode: "partial",               // off | partial | block (draft streaming; separate from block streaming)
       draftChunk: {                        // optional; only for streamMode=block
         minChars: 200,

docs/install/installer.md

@@ -114,3 +114,9 @@ Git requirement:
 
 If you choose `-InstallMethod git` and Git is missing, the installer will print the
 Git for Windows link (`https://git-scm.com/download/win`) and exit.
+
+Common Windows issues:
+
+- **npm error spawn git / ENOENT**: install Git for Windows and reopen PowerShell, then rerun the installer.
+- **"clawdbot" is not recognized**: your npm global bin folder is not on PATH. Most systems use
+  `%AppData%\\npm`. You can also run `npm config get prefix` and add `\\bin` to PATH, then reopen PowerShell.

docs/platforms/macos-vm.md

@@ -0,0 +1,275 @@
+---
+summary: "Run Clawdbot in a sandboxed macOS VM (local or hosted) when you need isolation or iMessage"
+read_when:
+  - You want Clawdbot isolated from your main macOS environment
+  - You want iMessage integration (BlueBubbles) in a sandbox
+  - You want a resettable macOS environment you can clone
+  - You want to compare local vs hosted macOS VM options
+---
+
+# Clawdbot on macOS VMs (Sandboxing)
+
+## Recommended default (most users)
+
+- **Small Linux VPS** for an always-on Gateway and low cost. See [VPS hosting](/vps).
+- **Dedicated hardware** (Mac mini or Linux box) if you want full control and a **residential IP** for browser automation. Many sites block data center IPs, so local browsing often works better.
+- **Hybrid:** keep the Gateway on a cheap VPS, and connect your Mac as a **node** when you need browser/UI automation. See [Nodes](/nodes) and [Gateway remote](/gateway/remote).
+
+Use a macOS VM when you specifically need macOS-only capabilities (iMessage/BlueBubbles) or want strict isolation from your daily Mac.
+
+## macOS VM options
+
+### Local VM on your Apple Silicon Mac (Lume)
+
+Run Clawdbot in a sandboxed macOS VM on your existing Apple Silicon Mac using [Lume](https://cua.ai/docs/lume).
+
+This gives you:
+- Full macOS environment in isolation (your host stays clean)
+- iMessage support via BlueBubbles (impossible on Linux/Windows)
+- Instant reset by cloning VMs
+- No extra hardware or cloud costs
+
+### Hosted Mac providers (cloud)
+
+If you want macOS in the cloud, hosted Mac providers work too:
+- [MacStadium](https://www.macstadium.com/) (hosted Macs)
+- Other hosted Mac vendors also work; follow their VM + SSH docs
+
+Once you have SSH access to a macOS VM, continue at step 6 below.
+
+---
+
+## Quick path (Lume, experienced users)
+
+1. Install Lume
+2. `lume create clawdbot --os macos --ipsw latest`
+3. Complete Setup Assistant, enable Remote Login (SSH)
+4. `lume run clawdbot --no-display`
+5. SSH in, install Clawdbot, configure channels
+6. Done
+
+---
+
+## What you need (Lume)
+
+- Apple Silicon Mac (M1/M2/M3/M4)
+- macOS Sequoia or later on the host
+- ~60 GB free disk space per VM
+- ~20 minutes
+
+---
+
+## 1) Install Lume
+
+```bash
+/bin/bash -c "$(curl -fsSL https://raw.githubusercontent.com/trycua/cua/main/libs/lume/scripts/install.sh)"
+```
+
+If `~/.local/bin` isn't in your PATH:
+
+```bash
+echo 'export PATH="$PATH:$HOME/.local/bin"' >> ~/.zshrc && source ~/.zshrc
+```
+
+Verify:
+
+```bash
+lume --version
+```
+
+Docs: [Lume Installation](https://cua.ai/docs/lume/guide/getting-started/installation)
+
+---
+
+## 2) Create the macOS VM
+
+```bash
+lume create clawdbot --os macos --ipsw latest
+```
+
+This downloads macOS and creates the VM. A VNC window opens automatically.
+
+Note: The download can take a while depending on your connection.
+
+---
+
+## 3) Complete Setup Assistant
+
+In the VNC window:
+1. Select language and region
+2. Skip Apple ID (or sign in if you want iMessage later)
+3. Create a user account (remember the username and password)
+4. Skip all optional features
+
+After setup completes, enable SSH:
+1. Open System Settings → General → Sharing
+2. Enable "Remote Login"
+
+---
+
+## 4) Get the VM's IP address
+
+```bash
+lume get clawdbot
+```
+
+Look for the IP address (usually `192.168.64.x`).
+
+---
+
+## 5) SSH into the VM
+
+```bash
+ssh youruser@192.168.64.X
+```
+
+Replace `youruser` with the account you created, and the IP with your VM's IP.
+
+---
+
+## 6) Install Clawdbot
+
+Inside the VM:
+
+```bash
+npm install -g clawdbot@latest
+clawdbot onboard --install-daemon
+```
+
+Follow the onboarding prompts to set up your model provider (Anthropic, OpenAI, etc.).
+
+---
+
+## 7) Configure channels
+
+Edit the config file:
+
+```bash
+nano ~/.clawdbot/clawdbot.json
+```
+
+Add your channels:
+
+```json
+{
+  "channels": {
+    "whatsapp": {
+      "dmPolicy": "allowlist",
+      "allowFrom": ["+15551234567"]
+    },
+    "telegram": {
+      "botToken": "YOUR_BOT_TOKEN"
+    }
+  }
+}
+```
+
+Then login to WhatsApp (scan QR):
+
+```bash
+clawdbot channels login
+```
+
+---
+
+## 8) Run the VM headlessly
+
+Stop the VM and restart without display:
+
+```bash
+lume stop clawdbot
+lume run clawdbot --no-display
+```
+
+The VM runs in the background. Clawdbot's daemon keeps the gateway running.
+
+To check status:
+
+```bash
+ssh youruser@192.168.64.X "clawdbot status"
+```
+
+---
+
+## Bonus: iMessage integration
+
+This is the killer feature of running on macOS. Use [BlueBubbles](https://bluebubbles.app) to add iMessage to Clawdbot.
+
+Inside the VM:
+
+1. Download BlueBubbles from bluebubbles.app
+2. Sign in with your Apple ID
+3. Enable the Web API and set a password
+4. Point BlueBubbles webhooks at your gateway (example: `https://your-gateway-host:3000/bluebubbles-webhook?password=<password>`)
+
+Add to your Clawdbot config:
+
+```json
+{
+  "channels": {
+    "bluebubbles": {
+      "serverUrl": "http://localhost:1234",
+      "password": "your-api-password",
+      "webhookPath": "/bluebubbles-webhook"
+    }
+  }
+}
+```
+
+Restart the gateway. Now your agent can send and receive iMessages.
+
+Full setup details: [BlueBubbles channel](/channels/bluebubbles)
+
+---
+
+## Save a golden image
+
+Before customizing further, snapshot your clean state:
+
+```bash
+lume stop clawdbot
+lume clone clawdbot clawdbot-golden
+```
+
+Reset anytime:
+
+```bash
+lume stop clawdbot && lume delete clawdbot
+lume clone clawdbot-golden clawdbot
+lume run clawdbot --no-display
+```
+
+---
+
+## Running 24/7
+
+Keep the VM running by:
+- Keeping your Mac plugged in
+- Disabling sleep in System Settings → Energy Saver
+- Using `caffeinate` if needed
+
+For true always-on, consider a dedicated Mac mini or a small VPS. See [VPS hosting](/vps).
+
+---
+
+## Troubleshooting
+
+| Problem | Solution |
+|---------|----------|
+| Can't SSH into VM | Check "Remote Login" is enabled in VM's System Settings |
+| VM IP not showing | Wait for VM to fully boot, run `lume get clawdbot` again |
+| Lume command not found | Add `~/.local/bin` to your PATH |
+| WhatsApp QR not scanning | Ensure you're logged into the VM (not host) when running `clawdbot channels login` |
+
+---
+
+## Related docs
+
+- [VPS hosting](/vps)
+- [Nodes](/nodes)
+- [Gateway remote](/gateway/remote)
+- [BlueBubbles channel](/channels/bluebubbles)
+- [Lume Quickstart](https://cua.ai/docs/lume/guide/getting-started/quickstart)
+- [Lume CLI Reference](https://cua.ai/docs/lume/reference/cli-reference)
+- [Unattended VM Setup](https://cua.ai/docs/lume/guide/fundamentals/unattended-setup) (advanced)
+- [Docker Sandboxing](/install/docker) (alternative isolation approach)

docs/plugin.md

@@ -67,6 +67,22 @@ Plugins can register:
 Plugins run **in‑process** with the Gateway, so treat them as trusted code.
 Tool authoring guide: [Plugin agent tools](/plugins/agent-tools).
 
+## Runtime helpers
+
+Plugins can access selected core helpers via `api.runtime`. For telephony TTS:
+
+```ts
+const result = await api.runtime.tts.textToSpeechTelephony({
+  text: "Hello from Clawdbot",
+  cfg: api.config,
+});
+```
+
+Notes:
+- Uses core `messages.tts` configuration (OpenAI or ElevenLabs).
+- Returns PCM audio buffer + sample rate. Plugins must resample/encode for providers.
+- Edge TTS is not supported for telephony.
+
 ## Discovery & precedence
 
 Clawdbot scans, in order:

docs/plugins/voice-call.md

@@ -104,6 +104,87 @@ Notes:
 - `mock` is a local dev provider (no network calls).
 - `skipSignatureVerification` is for local testing only.
 
+## TTS for calls
+
+Voice Call uses the core `messages.tts` configuration (OpenAI or ElevenLabs) for
+streaming speech on calls. You can override it under the plugin config with the
+**same shape** — it deep‑merges with `messages.tts`.
+
+```json5
+{
+  tts: {
+    provider: "elevenlabs",
+    elevenlabs: {
+      voiceId: "pMsXgVXv3BLzUgSXRplE",
+      modelId: "eleven_multilingual_v2"
+    }
+  }
+}
+```
+
+Notes:
+- **Edge TTS is ignored for voice calls** (telephony audio needs PCM; Edge output is unreliable).
+- Core TTS is used when Twilio media streaming is enabled; otherwise calls fall back to provider native voices.
+
+### More examples
+
+Use core TTS only (no override):
+
+```json5
+{
+  messages: {
+    tts: {
+      provider: "openai",
+      openai: { voice: "alloy" }
+    }
+  }
+}
+```
+
+Override to ElevenLabs just for calls (keep core default elsewhere):
+
+```json5
+{
+  plugins: {
+    entries: {
+      "voice-call": {
+        config: {
+          tts: {
+            provider: "elevenlabs",
+            elevenlabs: {
+              apiKey: "elevenlabs_key",
+              voiceId: "pMsXgVXv3BLzUgSXRplE",
+              modelId: "eleven_multilingual_v2"
+            }
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  }
+}
+```
+
+Override only the OpenAI model for calls (deep‑merge example):
+
+```json5
+{
+  plugins: {
+    entries: {
+      "voice-call": {
+        config: {
+          tts: {
+            openai: {
+              model: "gpt-4o-mini-tts",
+              voice: "marin"
+            }
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  }
+}
+```
+
 ## Inbound calls
 
 Inbound policy defaults to `disabled`. To enable inbound calls, set:

docs/railway.mdx

@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ and you configure everything via the `/setup` web wizard.
 
 ## One-click deploy
 
-<a href="https://railway.com/deploy/clawdbot-railway-template" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">Deploy on Railway</a>
+<a href="https://railway.app/new/template?template=https://github.com/vignesh07/clawdbot-railway-template" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">Deploy on Railway</a>
 
 After deploy, find your public URL in **Railway → your service → Settings → Domains**.
 
@@ -55,6 +55,7 @@ Attach a volume mounted at:
 Set these variables on the service:
 
 - `SETUP_PASSWORD` (required)
+- `PORT=8080` (required — must match the port in Public Networking)
 - `CLAWDBOT_STATE_DIR=/data/.clawdbot` (recommended)
 - `CLAWDBOT_WORKSPACE_DIR=/data/workspace` (recommended)
 - `CLAWDBOT_GATEWAY_TOKEN` (recommended; treat as an admin secret)
@@ -82,8 +83,9 @@ If Telegram DMs are set to pairing, the setup wizard can approve the pairing cod
 1) Go to https://discord.com/developers/applications
 2) **New Application** → choose a name
 3) **Bot** → **Add Bot**
-4) Copy the **Bot Token** and paste into `/setup`
+4) **Enable MESSAGE CONTENT INTENT** under Bot → Privileged Gateway Intents (required or the bot will crash on startup)
-5) Invite the bot to your server (OAuth2 URL Generator; scopes: `bot`, `applications.commands`)
+5) Copy the **Bot Token** and paste into `/setup`
+6) Invite the bot to your server (OAuth2 URL Generator; scopes: `bot`, `applications.commands`)
 
 ## Backups & migration
 

extensions/voice-call/CHANGELOG.md

@@ -1,5 +1,12 @@
 # Changelog
 
+## 2026.1.24
+
+### Changes
+- Breaking: voice-call TTS now uses core `messages.tts` (plugin TTS config deep‑merges with core).
+- Telephony TTS supports OpenAI + ElevenLabs; Edge TTS is ignored for calls.
+- Removed legacy `tts.model`/`tts.voice`/`tts.instructions` plugin fields.
+
 ## 2026.1.23
 
 ### Changes

extensions/voice-call/README.md

@@ -75,6 +75,27 @@ Notes:
 - Twilio/Telnyx/Plivo require a **publicly reachable** webhook URL.
 - `mock` is a local dev provider (no network calls).
 
+## TTS for calls
+
+Voice Call uses the core `messages.tts` configuration (OpenAI or ElevenLabs) for
+streaming speech on calls. You can override it under the plugin config with the
+same shape — overrides deep-merge with `messages.tts`.
+
+```json5
+{
+  tts: {
+    provider: "openai",
+    openai: {
+      voice: "alloy"
+    }
+  }
+}
+```
+
+Notes:
+- Edge TTS is ignored for voice calls (telephony audio needs PCM; Edge output is unreliable).
+- Core TTS is used when Twilio media streaming is enabled; otherwise calls fall back to provider native voices.
+
 ## CLI
 
 ```bash

extensions/voice-call/clawdbot.plugin.json

@@ -99,16 +99,39 @@
       "label": "Media Stream Path",
       "advanced": true
     },
-    "tts.model": {
+    "tts.provider": {
-      "label": "TTS Model",
+      "label": "TTS Provider Override",
+      "help": "Deep-merges with messages.tts (Edge is ignored for calls).",
       "advanced": true
     },
-    "tts.voice": {
+    "tts.openai.model": {
-      "label": "TTS Voice",
+      "label": "OpenAI TTS Model",
       "advanced": true
     },
-    "tts.instructions": {
+    "tts.openai.voice": {
-      "label": "TTS Instructions",
+      "label": "OpenAI TTS Voice",
+      "advanced": true
+    },
+    "tts.openai.apiKey": {
+      "label": "OpenAI API Key",
+      "sensitive": true,
+      "advanced": true
+    },
+    "tts.elevenlabs.modelId": {
+      "label": "ElevenLabs Model ID",
+      "advanced": true
+    },
+    "tts.elevenlabs.voiceId": {
+      "label": "ElevenLabs Voice ID",
+      "advanced": true
+    },
+    "tts.elevenlabs.apiKey": {
+      "label": "ElevenLabs API Key",
+      "sensitive": true,
+      "advanced": true
+    },
+    "tts.elevenlabs.baseUrl": {
+      "label": "ElevenLabs Base URL",
       "advanced": true
     },
     "publicUrl": {
@@ -370,20 +393,193 @@
         "type": "object",
         "additionalProperties": false,
         "properties": {
+          "auto": {
+            "type": "string",
+            "enum": [
+              "off",
+              "always",
+              "inbound",
+              "tagged"
+            ]
+          },
+          "enabled": {
+            "type": "boolean"
+          },
+          "mode": {
+            "type": "string",
+            "enum": [
+              "final",
+              "all"
+            ]
+          },
           "provider": {
             "type": "string",
             "enum": [
-              "openai"
+              "openai",
+              "elevenlabs",
+              "edge"
             ]
           },
+          "summaryModel": {
+            "type": "string"
+          },
+          "modelOverrides": {
+            "type": "object",
+            "additionalProperties": false,
+            "properties": {
+              "enabled": {
+                "type": "boolean"
+              },
+              "allowText": {
+                "type": "boolean"
+              },
+              "allowProvider": {
+                "type": "boolean"
+              },
+              "allowVoice": {
+                "type": "boolean"
+              },
+              "allowModelId": {
+                "type": "boolean"
+              },
+              "allowVoiceSettings": {
+                "type": "boolean"
+              },
+              "allowNormalization": {
+                "type": "boolean"
+              },
+              "allowSeed": {
+                "type": "boolean"
+              }
+            }
+          },
+          "elevenlabs": {
+            "type": "object",
+            "additionalProperties": false,
+            "properties": {
+              "apiKey": {
+                "type": "string"
+              },
+              "baseUrl": {
+                "type": "string"
+              },
+              "voiceId": {
+                "type": "string"
+              },
+              "modelId": {
+                "type": "string"
+              },
+              "seed": {
+                "type": "integer",
+                "minimum": 0,
+                "maximum": 4294967295
+              },
+              "applyTextNormalization": {
+                "type": "string",
+                "enum": [
+                  "auto",
+                  "on",
+                  "off"
+                ]
+              },
+              "languageCode": {
+                "type": "string"
+              },
+              "voiceSettings": {
+                "type": "object",
+                "additionalProperties": false,
+                "properties": {
+                  "stability": {
+                    "type": "number",
+                    "minimum": 0,
+                    "maximum": 1
+                  },
+                  "similarityBoost": {
+                    "type": "number",
+                    "minimum": 0,
+                    "maximum": 1
+                  },
+                  "style": {
+                    "type": "number",
+                    "minimum": 0,
+                    "maximum": 1
+                  },
+                  "useSpeakerBoost": {
+                    "type": "boolean"
+                  },
+                  "speed": {
+                    "type": "number",
+                    "minimum": 0.5,
+                    "maximum": 2
+                  }
+                }
+              }
+            }
+          },
+          "openai": {
+            "type": "object",
+            "additionalProperties": false,
+            "properties": {
+              "apiKey": {
+                "type": "string"
+              },
               "model": {
                 "type": "string"
               },
               "voice": {
                 "type": "string"
+              }
+            }
           },
-          "instructions": {
+          "edge": {
+            "type": "object",
+            "additionalProperties": false,
+            "properties": {
+              "enabled": {
+                "type": "boolean"
+              },
+              "voice": {
                 "type": "string"
+              },
+              "lang": {
+                "type": "string"
+              },
+              "outputFormat": {
+                "type": "string"
+              },
+              "pitch": {
+                "type": "string"
+              },
+              "rate": {
+                "type": "string"
+              },
+              "volume": {
+                "type": "string"
+              },
+              "saveSubtitles": {
+                "type": "boolean"
+              },
+              "proxy": {
+                "type": "string"
+              },
+              "timeoutMs": {
+                "type": "integer",
+                "minimum": 1000,
+                "maximum": 120000
+              }
+            }
+          },
+          "prefsPath": {
+            "type": "string"
+          },
+          "maxTextLength": {
+            "type": "integer",
+            "minimum": 1
+          },
+          "timeoutMs": {
+            "type": "integer",
+            "minimum": 1000,
+            "maximum": 120000
           }
         }
       },

extensions/voice-call/index.ts

@@ -74,9 +74,26 @@ const voiceCallConfigSchema = {
     },
     "streaming.sttModel": { label: "Realtime STT Model", advanced: true },
     "streaming.streamPath": { label: "Media Stream Path", advanced: true },
-    "tts.model": { label: "TTS Model", advanced: true },
+    "tts.provider": {
-    "tts.voice": { label: "TTS Voice", advanced: true },
+      label: "TTS Provider Override",
-    "tts.instructions": { label: "TTS Instructions", advanced: true },
+      help: "Deep-merges with messages.tts (Edge is ignored for calls).",
+      advanced: true,
+    },
+    "tts.openai.model": { label: "OpenAI TTS Model", advanced: true },
+    "tts.openai.voice": { label: "OpenAI TTS Voice", advanced: true },
+    "tts.openai.apiKey": {
+      label: "OpenAI API Key",
+      sensitive: true,
+      advanced: true,
+    },
+    "tts.elevenlabs.modelId": { label: "ElevenLabs Model ID", advanced: true },
+    "tts.elevenlabs.voiceId": { label: "ElevenLabs Voice ID", advanced: true },
+    "tts.elevenlabs.apiKey": {
+      label: "ElevenLabs API Key",
+      sensitive: true,
+      advanced: true,
+    },
+    "tts.elevenlabs.baseUrl": { label: "ElevenLabs Base URL", advanced: true },
     publicUrl: { label: "Public Webhook URL", advanced: true },
     skipSignatureVerification: {
       label: "Skip Signature Verification",
@@ -161,6 +178,7 @@ const voiceCallPlugin = {
         runtimePromise = createVoiceCallRuntime({
           config: cfg,
           coreConfig: api.config as CoreConfig,
+          ttsRuntime: api.runtime.tts,
           logger: api.logger,
         });
       }

extensions/voice-call/src/config.ts

@@ -82,31 +82,82 @@ export const SttConfigSchema = z
   .default({ provider: "openai", model: "whisper-1" });
 export type SttConfig = z.infer<typeof SttConfigSchema>;
 
+export const TtsProviderSchema = z.enum(["openai", "elevenlabs", "edge"]);
+export const TtsModeSchema = z.enum(["final", "all"]);
+export const TtsAutoSchema = z.enum(["off", "always", "inbound", "tagged"]);
+
 export const TtsConfigSchema = z
   .object({
-    /** TTS provider (currently only OpenAI supported) */
+    auto: TtsAutoSchema.optional(),
-    provider: z.literal("openai").default("openai"),
+    enabled: z.boolean().optional(),
-    /**
+    mode: TtsModeSchema.optional(),
-     * TTS model to use:
+    provider: TtsProviderSchema.optional(),
-     * - gpt-4o-mini-tts: newest, supports instructions for tone/style control (recommended)
+    summaryModel: z.string().optional(),
-     * - tts-1: lower latency
+    modelOverrides: z
-     * - tts-1-hd: higher quality
+      .object({
-     */
+        enabled: z.boolean().optional(),
-    model: z.string().min(1).default("gpt-4o-mini-tts"),
+        allowText: z.boolean().optional(),
-    /**
+        allowProvider: z.boolean().optional(),
-     * Voice ID. For best quality, use marin or cedar.
+        allowVoice: z.boolean().optional(),
-     * All voices: alloy, ash, ballad, coral, echo, fable, nova, onyx, sage, shimmer, verse, marin, cedar
+        allowModelId: z.boolean().optional(),
-     */
+        allowVoiceSettings: z.boolean().optional(),
-    voice: z.string().min(1).default("coral"),
+        allowNormalization: z.boolean().optional(),
-    /**
+        allowSeed: z.boolean().optional(),
-     * Instructions for speech style (only works with gpt-4o-mini-tts).
-     * Examples: "Speak in a cheerful tone", "Talk like a sympathetic customer service agent"
-     */
-    instructions: z.string().optional(),
       })
       .strict()
-  .default({ provider: "openai", model: "gpt-4o-mini-tts", voice: "coral" });
+      .optional(),
-export type TtsConfig = z.infer<typeof TtsConfigSchema>;
+    elevenlabs: z
+      .object({
+        apiKey: z.string().optional(),
+        baseUrl: z.string().optional(),
+        voiceId: z.string().optional(),
+        modelId: z.string().optional(),
+        seed: z.number().int().min(0).max(4294967295).optional(),
+        applyTextNormalization: z.enum(["auto", "on", "off"]).optional(),
+        languageCode: z.string().optional(),
+        voiceSettings: z
+          .object({
+            stability: z.number().min(0).max(1).optional(),
+            similarityBoost: z.number().min(0).max(1).optional(),
+            style: z.number().min(0).max(1).optional(),
+            useSpeakerBoost: z.boolean().optional(),
+            speed: z.number().min(0.5).max(2).optional(),
+          })
+          .strict()
+          .optional(),
+      })
+      .strict()
+      .optional(),
+    openai: z
+      .object({
+        apiKey: z.string().optional(),
+        model: z.string().optional(),
+        voice: z.string().optional(),
+      })
+      .strict()
+      .optional(),
+    edge: z
+      .object({
+        enabled: z.boolean().optional(),
+        voice: z.string().optional(),
+        lang: z.string().optional(),
+        outputFormat: z.string().optional(),
+        pitch: z.string().optional(),
+        rate: z.string().optional(),
+        volume: z.string().optional(),
+        saveSubtitles: z.boolean().optional(),
+        proxy: z.string().optional(),
+        timeoutMs: z.number().int().min(1000).max(120000).optional(),
+      })
+      .strict()
+      .optional(),
+    prefsPath: z.string().optional(),
+    maxTextLength: z.number().int().min(1).optional(),
+    timeoutMs: z.number().int().min(1000).max(120000).optional(),
+  })
+  .strict()
+  .optional();
+export type VoiceCallTtsConfig = z.infer<typeof TtsConfigSchema>;
 
 // -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 // Webhook Server Configuration
@@ -307,7 +358,7 @@ export const VoiceCallConfigSchema = z
   /** STT configuration */
   stt: SttConfigSchema,
 
-  /** TTS configuration */
+  /** TTS override (deep-merges with core messages.tts) */
   tts: TtsConfigSchema,
 
   /** Store path for call logs */

extensions/voice-call/src/core-bridge.ts

@@ -2,10 +2,16 @@ import fs from "node:fs";
 import path from "node:path";
 import { fileURLToPath, pathToFileURL } from "node:url";
 
+import type { VoiceCallTtsConfig } from "./config.js";
+
 export type CoreConfig = {
   session?: {
     store?: string;
   };
+  messages?: {
+    tts?: VoiceCallTtsConfig;
+  };
+  [key: string]: unknown;
 };
 
 type CoreAgentDeps = {

extensions/voice-call/src/manager.ts

@@ -143,7 +143,7 @@ export class CallManager {
       // For notify mode with a message, use inline TwiML with <Say>
       let inlineTwiml: string | undefined;
       if (mode === "notify" && initialMessage) {
-        const pollyVoice = mapVoiceToPolly(this.config.tts.voice);
+        const pollyVoice = mapVoiceToPolly(this.config.tts?.openai?.voice);
         inlineTwiml = this.generateNotifyTwiml(initialMessage, pollyVoice);
         console.log(
           `[voice-call] Using inline TwiML for notify mode (voice: ${pollyVoice})`,
@@ -210,11 +210,13 @@ export class CallManager {
       this.addTranscriptEntry(call, "bot", text);
 
       // Play TTS
+      const voice =
+        this.provider?.name === "twilio" ? this.config.tts?.openai?.voice : undefined;
       await this.provider.playTts({
         callId,
         providerCallId: call.providerCallId,
         text,
-        voice: this.config.tts.voice,
+        voice,
       });
 
       return { success: true };

extensions/voice-call/src/manager/outbound.ts

@@ -68,7 +68,7 @@ export async function initiateCall(
     // For notify mode with a message, use inline TwiML with <Say>.
     let inlineTwiml: string | undefined;
     if (mode === "notify" && initialMessage) {
-      const pollyVoice = mapVoiceToPolly(ctx.config.tts.voice);
+      const pollyVoice = mapVoiceToPolly(ctx.config.tts?.openai?.voice);
       inlineTwiml = generateNotifyTwiml(initialMessage, pollyVoice);
       console.log(`[voice-call] Using inline TwiML for notify mode (voice: ${pollyVoice})`);
     }
@@ -120,11 +120,13 @@ export async function speak(
 
     addTranscriptEntry(call, "bot", text);
 
+    const voice =
+      ctx.provider?.name === "twilio" ? ctx.config.tts?.openai?.voice : undefined;
     await ctx.provider.playTts({
       callId,
       providerCallId: call.providerCallId,
       text,
-      voice: ctx.config.tts.voice,
+      voice,
     });
 
     return { success: true };
@@ -244,4 +246,3 @@ export async function endCall(
     return { success: false, error: err instanceof Error ? err.message : String(err) };
   }
 }
-

extensions/voice-call/src/providers/twilio.ts

@@ -15,9 +15,9 @@ import type {
   WebhookVerificationResult,
 } from "../types.js";
 import { escapeXml, mapVoiceToPolly } from "../voice-mapping.js";
+import { chunkAudio } from "../telephony-audio.js";
+import type { TelephonyTtsProvider } from "../telephony-tts.js";
 import type { VoiceCallProvider } from "./base.js";
-import type { OpenAITTSProvider } from "./tts-openai.js";
-import { chunkAudio } from "./tts-openai.js";
 import { twilioApiRequest } from "./twilio/api.js";
 import { verifyTwilioProviderWebhook } from "./twilio/webhook.js";
 
@@ -53,8 +53,8 @@ export class TwilioProvider implements VoiceCallProvider {
   /** Current public webhook URL (set when tunnel starts or from config) */
   private currentPublicUrl: string | null = null;
 
-  /** Optional OpenAI TTS provider for streaming TTS */
+  /** Optional telephony TTS provider for streaming TTS */
-  private ttsProvider: OpenAITTSProvider | null = null;
+  private ttsProvider: TelephonyTtsProvider | null = null;
 
   /** Optional media stream handler for sending audio */
   private mediaStreamHandler: MediaStreamHandler | null = null;
@@ -119,7 +119,7 @@ export class TwilioProvider implements VoiceCallProvider {
     return this.currentPublicUrl;
   }
 
-  setTTSProvider(provider: OpenAITTSProvider): void {
+  setTTSProvider(provider: TelephonyTtsProvider): void {
     this.ttsProvider = provider;
   }
 
@@ -454,13 +454,13 @@ export class TwilioProvider implements VoiceCallProvider {
    * Play TTS audio via Twilio.
    *
    * Two modes:
-   * 1. OpenAI TTS + Media Streams: If TTS provider and media stream are available,
+   * 1. Core TTS + Media Streams: If TTS provider and media stream are available,
-   *    generates audio via OpenAI and streams it through WebSocket (preferred).
+   *    generates audio via core TTS and streams it through WebSocket (preferred).
    * 2. TwiML <Say>: Falls back to Twilio's native TTS with Polly voices.
    *    Note: This may not work on all Twilio accounts.
    */
   async playTts(input: PlayTtsInput): Promise<void> {
-    // Try OpenAI TTS via media stream first (if configured)
+    // Try telephony TTS via media stream first (if configured)
     const streamSid = this.callStreamMap.get(input.providerCallId);
     if (this.ttsProvider && this.mediaStreamHandler && streamSid) {
       try {
@@ -468,7 +468,7 @@ export class TwilioProvider implements VoiceCallProvider {
         return;
       } catch (err) {
         console.warn(
-          `[voice-call] OpenAI TTS failed, falling back to Twilio <Say>:`,
+          `[voice-call] Telephony TTS failed, falling back to Twilio <Say>:`,
           err instanceof Error ? err.message : err,
         );
         // Fall through to TwiML <Say> fallback
@@ -484,7 +484,7 @@ export class TwilioProvider implements VoiceCallProvider {
     }
 
     console.warn(
-      "[voice-call] Using TwiML <Say> fallback - OpenAI TTS not configured or media stream not active",
+      "[voice-call] Using TwiML <Say> fallback - telephony TTS not configured or media stream not active",
     );
 
     const pollyVoice = mapVoiceToPolly(input.voice);
@@ -502,8 +502,8 @@ export class TwilioProvider implements VoiceCallProvider {
   }
 
   /**
-   * Play TTS via OpenAI and Twilio Media Streams.
+   * Play TTS via core TTS and Twilio Media Streams.
-   * Generates audio with OpenAI TTS, converts to mu-law, and streams via WebSocket.
+   * Generates audio with core TTS, converts to mu-law, and streams via WebSocket.
    * Uses a jitter buffer to smooth out timing variations.
    */
   private async playTtsViaStream(
@@ -514,8 +514,8 @@ export class TwilioProvider implements VoiceCallProvider {
       throw new Error("TTS provider and media stream handler required");
     }
 
-    // Generate audio with OpenAI TTS (returns mu-law at 8kHz)
+    // Generate audio with core TTS (returns mu-law at 8kHz)
-    const muLawAudio = await this.ttsProvider.synthesizeForTwilio(text);
+    const muLawAudio = await this.ttsProvider.synthesizeForTelephony(text);
 
     // Stream audio in 20ms chunks (160 bytes at 8kHz mu-law)
     const CHUNK_SIZE = 160;

extensions/voice-call/src/runtime.ts

@@ -6,8 +6,9 @@ import type { VoiceCallProvider } from "./providers/base.js";
 import { MockProvider } from "./providers/mock.js";
 import { PlivoProvider } from "./providers/plivo.js";
 import { TelnyxProvider } from "./providers/telnyx.js";
-import { OpenAITTSProvider } from "./providers/tts-openai.js";
 import { TwilioProvider } from "./providers/twilio.js";
+import type { TelephonyTtsRuntime } from "./telephony-tts.js";
+import { createTelephonyTtsProvider } from "./telephony-tts.js";
 import { startTunnel, type TunnelResult } from "./tunnel.js";
 import {
   cleanupTailscaleExposure,
@@ -81,9 +82,10 @@ function resolveProvider(config: VoiceCallConfig): VoiceCallProvider {
 export async function createVoiceCallRuntime(params: {
   config: VoiceCallConfig;
   coreConfig: CoreConfig;
+  ttsRuntime?: TelephonyTtsRuntime;
   logger?: Logger;
 }): Promise<VoiceCallRuntime> {
-  const { config, coreConfig, logger } = params;
+  const { config, coreConfig, ttsRuntime, logger } = params;
   const log = logger ?? {
     info: console.log,
     warn: console.warn,
@@ -149,27 +151,24 @@ export async function createVoiceCallRuntime(params: {
 
   if (provider.name === "twilio" && config.streaming?.enabled) {
     const twilioProvider = provider as TwilioProvider;
-    const openaiApiKey =
+    if (ttsRuntime?.textToSpeechTelephony) {
-      config.streaming.openaiApiKey || process.env.OPENAI_API_KEY;
-    if (openaiApiKey) {
       try {
-        const ttsProvider = new OpenAITTSProvider({
+        const ttsProvider = createTelephonyTtsProvider({
-          apiKey: openaiApiKey,
+          coreConfig,
-          voice: config.tts.voice,
+          ttsOverride: config.tts,
-          model: config.tts.model,
+          runtime: ttsRuntime,
-          instructions: config.tts.instructions,
         });
         twilioProvider.setTTSProvider(ttsProvider);
-        log.info("[voice-call] OpenAI TTS provider configured");
+        log.info("[voice-call] Telephony TTS provider configured");
       } catch (err) {
         log.warn(
-          `[voice-call] Failed to initialize OpenAI TTS: ${
+          `[voice-call] Failed to initialize telephony TTS: ${
             err instanceof Error ? err.message : String(err)
           }`,
         );
       }
     } else {
-      log.warn("[voice-call] OpenAI TTS key missing; streaming TTS disabled");
+      log.warn("[voice-call] Telephony TTS unavailable; streaming TTS disabled");
     }
 
     const mediaHandler = webhookServer.getMediaStreamHandler();

extensions/voice-call/src/telephony-audio.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,88 @@
+const TELEPHONY_SAMPLE_RATE = 8000;
+
+function clamp16(value: number): number {
+  return Math.max(-32768, Math.min(32767, value));
+}
+
+/**
+ * Resample 16-bit PCM (little-endian mono) to 8kHz using linear interpolation.
+ */
+export function resamplePcmTo8k(input: Buffer, inputSampleRate: number): Buffer {
+  if (inputSampleRate === TELEPHONY_SAMPLE_RATE) return input;
+  const inputSamples = Math.floor(input.length / 2);
+  if (inputSamples === 0) return Buffer.alloc(0);
+
+  const ratio = inputSampleRate / TELEPHONY_SAMPLE_RATE;
+  const outputSamples = Math.floor(inputSamples / ratio);
+  const output = Buffer.alloc(outputSamples * 2);
+
+  for (let i = 0; i < outputSamples; i++) {
+    const srcPos = i * ratio;
+    const srcIndex = Math.floor(srcPos);
+    const frac = srcPos - srcIndex;
+
+    const s0 = input.readInt16LE(srcIndex * 2);
+    const s1Index = Math.min(srcIndex + 1, inputSamples - 1);
+    const s1 = input.readInt16LE(s1Index * 2);
+
+    const sample = Math.round(s0 + frac * (s1 - s0));
+    output.writeInt16LE(clamp16(sample), i * 2);
+  }
+
+  return output;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Convert 16-bit PCM to 8-bit mu-law (G.711).
+ */
+export function pcmToMulaw(pcm: Buffer): Buffer {
+  const samples = Math.floor(pcm.length / 2);
+  const mulaw = Buffer.alloc(samples);
+
+  for (let i = 0; i < samples; i++) {
+    const sample = pcm.readInt16LE(i * 2);
+    mulaw[i] = linearToMulaw(sample);
+  }
+
+  return mulaw;
+}
+
+export function convertPcmToMulaw8k(
+  pcm: Buffer,
+  inputSampleRate: number,
+): Buffer {
+  const pcm8k = resamplePcmTo8k(pcm, inputSampleRate);
+  return pcmToMulaw(pcm8k);
+}
+
+/**
+ * Chunk audio buffer into 20ms frames for streaming (8kHz mono mu-law).
+ */
+export function chunkAudio(
+  audio: Buffer,
+  chunkSize = 160,
+): Generator<Buffer, void, unknown> {
+  return (function* () {
+    for (let i = 0; i < audio.length; i += chunkSize) {
+      yield audio.subarray(i, Math.min(i + chunkSize, audio.length));
+    }
+  })();
+}
+
+function linearToMulaw(sample: number): number {
+  const BIAS = 132;
+  const CLIP = 32635;
+
+  const sign = sample < 0 ? 0x80 : 0;
+  if (sample < 0) sample = -sample;
+  if (sample > CLIP) sample = CLIP;
+
+  sample += BIAS;
+  let exponent = 7;
+  for (let expMask = 0x4000; (sample & expMask) === 0 && exponent > 0; exponent--) {
+    expMask >>= 1;
+  }
+
+  const mantissa = (sample >> (exponent + 3)) & 0x0f;
+  return ~(sign | (exponent << 4) | mantissa) & 0xff;
+}

extensions/voice-call/src/telephony-tts.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,95 @@
+import type { CoreConfig } from "./core-bridge.js";
+import type { VoiceCallTtsConfig } from "./config.js";
+import { convertPcmToMulaw8k } from "./telephony-audio.js";
+
+export type TelephonyTtsRuntime = {
+  textToSpeechTelephony: (params: {
+    text: string;
+    cfg: CoreConfig;
+    prefsPath?: string;
+  }) => Promise<{
+    success: boolean;
+    audioBuffer?: Buffer;
+    sampleRate?: number;
+    provider?: string;
+    error?: string;
+  }>;
+};
+
+export type TelephonyTtsProvider = {
+  synthesizeForTelephony: (text: string) => Promise<Buffer>;
+};
+
+export function createTelephonyTtsProvider(params: {
+  coreConfig: CoreConfig;
+  ttsOverride?: VoiceCallTtsConfig;
+  runtime: TelephonyTtsRuntime;
+}): TelephonyTtsProvider {
+  const { coreConfig, ttsOverride, runtime } = params;
+  const mergedConfig = applyTtsOverride(coreConfig, ttsOverride);
+
+  return {
+    synthesizeForTelephony: async (text: string) => {
+      const result = await runtime.textToSpeechTelephony({
+        text,
+        cfg: mergedConfig,
+      });
+
+      if (!result.success || !result.audioBuffer || !result.sampleRate) {
+        throw new Error(result.error ?? "TTS conversion failed");
+      }
+
+      return convertPcmToMulaw8k(result.audioBuffer, result.sampleRate);
+    },
+  };
+}
+
+function applyTtsOverride(
+  coreConfig: CoreConfig,
+  override?: VoiceCallTtsConfig,
+): CoreConfig {
+  if (!override) return coreConfig;
+
+  const base = coreConfig.messages?.tts;
+  const merged = mergeTtsConfig(base, override);
+  if (!merged) return coreConfig;
+
+  return {
+    ...coreConfig,
+    messages: {
+      ...(coreConfig.messages ?? {}),
+      tts: merged,
+    },
+  };
+}
+
+function mergeTtsConfig(
+  base?: VoiceCallTtsConfig,
+  override?: VoiceCallTtsConfig,
+): VoiceCallTtsConfig | undefined {
+  if (!base && !override) return undefined;
+  if (!override) return base;
+  if (!base) return override;
+  return deepMerge(base, override);
+}
+
+function deepMerge<T>(base: T, override: T): T {
+  if (!isPlainObject(base) || !isPlainObject(override)) {
+    return override;
+  }
+  const result: Record<string, unknown> = { ...base };
+  for (const [key, value] of Object.entries(override)) {
+    if (value === undefined) continue;
+    const existing = (base as Record<string, unknown>)[key];
+    if (isPlainObject(existing) && isPlainObject(value)) {
+      result[key] = deepMerge(existing, value);
+    } else {
+      result[key] = value;
+    }
+  }
+  return result as T;
+}
+
+function isPlainObject(value: unknown): value is Record<string, unknown> {
+  return Boolean(value) && typeof value === "object" && !Array.isArray(value);
+}

scripts/test-parallel.mjs

@@ -23,11 +23,14 @@ const serialRuns = runs.filter((entry) => entry.name === "gateway");
 
 const children = new Set();
 const isCI = process.env.CI === "true" || process.env.GITHUB_ACTIONS === "true";
+const isMacOS = process.platform === "darwin" || process.env.RUNNER_OS === "macOS";
 const overrideWorkers = Number.parseInt(process.env.CLAWDBOT_TEST_WORKERS ?? "", 10);
 const resolvedOverride = Number.isFinite(overrideWorkers) && overrideWorkers > 0 ? overrideWorkers : null;
 const localWorkers = Math.max(4, Math.min(16, os.cpus().length));
 const perRunWorkers = Math.max(1, Math.floor(localWorkers / parallelRuns.length));
-const maxWorkers = isCI ? null : resolvedOverride ?? perRunWorkers;
+// Keep worker counts predictable for local runs and for CI on macOS.
+// In CI on linux/windows, prefer Vitest defaults to avoid cross-test interference from lower worker counts.
+const maxWorkers = resolvedOverride ?? (isCI && !isMacOS ? null : perRunWorkers);
 
 const WARNING_SUPPRESSION_FLAGS = [
   "--disable-warning=ExperimentalWarning",

src/agents/bash-tools.exec.ts

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 import crypto from "node:crypto";
-import { spawn, type ChildProcessWithoutNullStreams } from "node:child_process";
+import type { ChildProcessWithoutNullStreams } from "node:child_process";
 import path from "node:path";
 import type { AgentTool, AgentToolResult } from "@mariozechner/pi-agent-core";
 import { Type } from "@sinclair/typebox";
@@ -27,6 +27,7 @@ import {
 } from "../infra/shell-env.js";
 import { enqueueSystemEvent } from "../infra/system-events.js";
 import { logInfo, logWarn } from "../logger.js";
+import { formatSpawnError, spawnWithFallback } from "../process/spawn-utils.js";
 import {
   type ProcessSession,
   type SessionStdin,
@@ -362,23 +363,38 @@ async function runExecProcess(opts: {
   let stdin: SessionStdin | undefined;
 
   if (opts.sandbox) {
-    child = spawn(
+    const { child: spawned } = await spawnWithFallback({
+      argv: [
         "docker",
-      buildDockerExecArgs({
+        ...buildDockerExecArgs({
           containerName: opts.sandbox.containerName,
           command: opts.command,
           workdir: opts.containerWorkdir ?? opts.sandbox.containerWorkdir,
           env: opts.env,
           tty: opts.usePty,
         }),
-      {
+      ],
+      options: {
         cwd: opts.workdir,
         env: process.env,
         detached: process.platform !== "win32",
         stdio: ["pipe", "pipe", "pipe"],
         windowsHide: true,
       },
-    ) as ChildProcessWithoutNullStreams;
+      fallbacks: [
+        {
+          label: "no-detach",
+          options: { detached: false },
+        },
+      ],
+      onFallback: (err, fallback) => {
+        const errText = formatSpawnError(err);
+        const warning = `Warning: spawn failed (${errText}); retrying with ${fallback.label}.`;
+        logWarn(`exec: spawn failed (${errText}); retrying with ${fallback.label}.`);
+        opts.warnings.push(warning);
+      },
+    });
+    child = spawned as ChildProcessWithoutNullStreams;
     stdin = child.stdin;
   } else if (opts.usePty) {
     const { shell, args: shellArgs } = getShellConfig();
@@ -422,24 +438,56 @@ async function runExecProcess(opts: {
       const warning = `Warning: PTY spawn failed (${errText}); retrying without PTY for \`${opts.command}\`.`;
       logWarn(`exec: PTY spawn failed (${errText}); retrying without PTY for "${opts.command}".`);
       opts.warnings.push(warning);
-      child = spawn(shell, [...shellArgs, opts.command], {
+      const { child: spawned } = await spawnWithFallback({
+        argv: [shell, ...shellArgs, opts.command],
+        options: {
           cwd: opts.workdir,
           env: opts.env,
           detached: process.platform !== "win32",
           stdio: ["pipe", "pipe", "pipe"],
           windowsHide: true,
-      }) as ChildProcessWithoutNullStreams;
+        },
+        fallbacks: [
+          {
+            label: "no-detach",
+            options: { detached: false },
+          },
+        ],
+        onFallback: (fallbackErr, fallback) => {
+          const fallbackText = formatSpawnError(fallbackErr);
+          const fallbackWarning = `Warning: spawn failed (${fallbackText}); retrying with ${fallback.label}.`;
+          logWarn(`exec: spawn failed (${fallbackText}); retrying with ${fallback.label}.`);
+          opts.warnings.push(fallbackWarning);
+        },
+      });
+      child = spawned as ChildProcessWithoutNullStreams;
       stdin = child.stdin;
     }
   } else {
     const { shell, args: shellArgs } = getShellConfig();
-    child = spawn(shell, [...shellArgs, opts.command], {
+    const { child: spawned } = await spawnWithFallback({
+      argv: [shell, ...shellArgs, opts.command],
+      options: {
         cwd: opts.workdir,
         env: opts.env,
         detached: process.platform !== "win32",
         stdio: ["pipe", "pipe", "pipe"],
         windowsHide: true,
-    }) as ChildProcessWithoutNullStreams;
+      },
+      fallbacks: [
+        {
+          label: "no-detach",
+          options: { detached: false },
+        },
+      ],
+      onFallback: (err, fallback) => {
+        const errText = formatSpawnError(err);
+        const warning = `Warning: spawn failed (${errText}); retrying with ${fallback.label}.`;
+        logWarn(`exec: spawn failed (${errText}); retrying with ${fallback.label}.`);
+        opts.warnings.push(warning);
+      },
+    });
+    child = spawned as ChildProcessWithoutNullStreams;
     stdin = child.stdin;
   }
 

src/agents/pi-embedded-runner.get-dm-history-limit-from-session-key.returns-undefined-sessionkey-is-undefined.test.ts

@@ -121,6 +121,26 @@ describe("getDmHistoryLimitFromSessionKey", () => {
     } as ClawdbotConfig;
     expect(getDmHistoryLimitFromSessionKey("agent:main:telegram:dm:123", config)).toBe(10);
   });
+  it("strips thread suffix from dm session keys", () => {
+    const config = {
+      channels: { telegram: { dmHistoryLimit: 10, dms: { "123": { historyLimit: 7 } } } },
+    } as ClawdbotConfig;
+    expect(getDmHistoryLimitFromSessionKey("agent:main:telegram:dm:123:thread:999", config)).toBe(
+      7,
+    );
+    expect(getDmHistoryLimitFromSessionKey("agent:main:telegram:dm:123:topic:555", config)).toBe(7);
+    expect(getDmHistoryLimitFromSessionKey("telegram:dm:123:thread:999", config)).toBe(7);
+  });
+  it("keeps non-numeric thread markers in dm ids", () => {
+    const config = {
+      channels: {
+        telegram: { dms: { "user:thread:abc": { historyLimit: 9 } } },
+      },
+    } as ClawdbotConfig;
+    expect(getDmHistoryLimitFromSessionKey("agent:main:telegram:dm:user:thread:abc", config)).toBe(
+      9,
+    );
+  });
   it("returns undefined for non-dm session kinds", () => {
     const config = {
       channels: {

src/agents/pi-embedded-runner.test.ts

@@ -70,7 +70,7 @@ vi.mock("@mariozechner/pi-ai", async () => {
     },
     streamSimple: (model: { api: string; provider: string; id: string }) => {
       const stream = new actual.AssistantMessageEventStream();
-      setTimeout(() => {
+      queueMicrotask(() => {
         stream.push({
           type: "done",
           reason: "stop",
@@ -80,7 +80,7 @@ vi.mock("@mariozechner/pi-ai", async () => {
               : buildAssistantMessage(model),
         });
         stream.end();
-      }, 0);
+      });
       return stream;
     },
   };
@@ -213,7 +213,7 @@ describe("runEmbeddedPiAgent", () => {
 
   itIfNotWin32(
     "persists the first user message before assistant output",
-    { timeout: 60_000 },
+    { timeout: 120_000 },
     async () => {
       const sessionFile = nextSessionFile();
       const cfg = makeOpenAiConfig(["mock-1"]);

src/agents/pi-embedded-runner/history.ts

@@ -2,6 +2,13 @@ import type { AgentMessage } from "@mariozechner/pi-agent-core";
 
 import type { ClawdbotConfig } from "../../config/config.js";
 
+const THREAD_SUFFIX_REGEX = /^(.*)(?::(?:thread|topic):\d+)$/i;
+
+function stripThreadSuffix(value: string): string {
+  const match = value.match(THREAD_SUFFIX_REGEX);
+  return match?.[1] ?? value;
+}
+
 /**
  * Limits conversation history to the last N user turns (and their associated
  * assistant responses). This reduces token usage for long-running DM sessions.
@@ -44,7 +51,8 @@ export function getDmHistoryLimitFromSessionKey(
   if (!provider) return undefined;
 
   const kind = providerParts[1]?.toLowerCase();
-  const userId = providerParts.slice(2).join(":");
+  const userIdRaw = providerParts.slice(2).join(":");
+  const userId = stripThreadSuffix(userIdRaw);
   if (kind !== "dm") return undefined;
 
   const getLimit = (

src/auto-reply/model.test.ts

@@ -10,11 +10,17 @@ describe("extractModelDirective", () => {
       expect(result.cleaned).toBe("");
     });
 
-    it("extracts /models with argument", () => {
+    it("does not treat /models as a /model directive", () => {
       const result = extractModelDirective("/models gpt-5");
-      expect(result.hasDirective).toBe(true);
+      expect(result.hasDirective).toBe(false);
-      expect(result.rawModel).toBe("gpt-5");
+      expect(result.rawModel).toBeUndefined();
-      expect(result.cleaned).toBe("");
+      expect(result.cleaned).toBe("/models gpt-5");
+    });
+
+    it("does not parse /models as a /model directive (no args)", () => {
+      const result = extractModelDirective("/models");
+      expect(result.hasDirective).toBe(false);
+      expect(result.cleaned).toBe("/models");
     });
 
     it("extracts /model with provider/model format", () => {

src/auto-reply/model.ts

@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ export function extractModelDirective(
   if (!body) return { cleaned: "", hasDirective: false };
 
   const modelMatch = body.match(
-    /(?:^|\s)\/models?(?=$|\s|:)\s*:?\s*([A-Za-z0-9_.:@-]+(?:\/[A-Za-z0-9_.:@-]+)*)?/i,
+    /(?:^|\s)\/model(?=$|\s|:)\s*:?\s*([A-Za-z0-9_.:@-]+(?:\/[A-Za-z0-9_.:@-]+)*)?/i,
   );
 
   const aliases = (options?.aliases ?? []).map((alias) => alias.trim()).filter(Boolean);

src/auto-reply/reply/directives.ts

@@ -1,7 +1,8 @@
-import type { ReasoningLevel } from "../thinking.js";
+import type { NoticeLevel, ReasoningLevel } from "../thinking.js";
 import {
   type ElevatedLevel,
   normalizeElevatedLevel,
+  normalizeNoticeLevel,
   normalizeReasoningLevel,
   normalizeThinkLevel,
   normalizeVerboseLevel,
@@ -112,6 +113,22 @@ export function extractVerboseDirective(body?: string): {
   };
 }
 
+export function extractNoticeDirective(body?: string): {
+  cleaned: string;
+  noticeLevel?: NoticeLevel;
+  rawLevel?: string;
+  hasDirective: boolean;
+} {
+  if (!body) return { cleaned: "", hasDirective: false };
+  const extracted = extractLevelDirective(body, ["notice", "notices"], normalizeNoticeLevel);
+  return {
+    cleaned: extracted.cleaned,
+    noticeLevel: extracted.level,
+    rawLevel: extracted.rawLevel,
+    hasDirective: extracted.hasDirective,
+  };
+}
+
 export function extractElevatedDirective(body?: string): {
   cleaned: string;
   elevatedLevel?: ElevatedLevel;
@@ -152,5 +169,5 @@ export function extractStatusDirective(body?: string): {
   return extractSimpleDirective(body, ["status"]);
 }
 
-export type { ElevatedLevel, ReasoningLevel, ThinkLevel, VerboseLevel };
+export type { ElevatedLevel, NoticeLevel, ReasoningLevel, ThinkLevel, VerboseLevel };
 export { extractExecDirective } from "./exec/directive.js";

src/auto-reply/thinking.ts

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 export type ThinkLevel = "off" | "minimal" | "low" | "medium" | "high" | "xhigh";
 export type VerboseLevel = "off" | "on" | "full";
+export type NoticeLevel = "off" | "on" | "full";
 export type ElevatedLevel = "off" | "on" | "ask" | "full";
 export type ElevatedMode = "off" | "ask" | "full";
 export type ReasoningLevel = "off" | "on" | "stream";
@@ -93,6 +94,16 @@ export function normalizeVerboseLevel(raw?: string | null): VerboseLevel | undef
   return undefined;
 }
 
+// Normalize system notice flags used to toggle system notifications.
+export function normalizeNoticeLevel(raw?: string | null): NoticeLevel | undefined {
+  if (!raw) return undefined;
+  const key = raw.toLowerCase();
+  if (["off", "false", "no", "0"].includes(key)) return "off";
+  if (["full", "all", "everything"].includes(key)) return "full";
+  if (["on", "minimal", "true", "yes", "1"].includes(key)) return "on";
+  return undefined;
+}
+
 // Normalize response-usage display modes used to toggle per-response usage footers.
 export function normalizeUsageDisplay(raw?: string | null): UsageDisplayLevel | undefined {
   if (!raw) return undefined;

src/config/paths.ts

@@ -59,6 +59,17 @@ export const CONFIG_PATH_CLAWDBOT = resolveConfigPath();
 
 export const DEFAULT_GATEWAY_PORT = 18789;
 
+/**
+ * Gateway lock directory (ephemeral).
+ * Default: os.tmpdir()/clawdbot-<uid> (uid suffix when available).
+ */
+export function resolveGatewayLockDir(tmpdir: () => string = os.tmpdir): string {
+  const base = tmpdir();
+  const uid = typeof process.getuid === "function" ? process.getuid() : undefined;
+  const suffix = uid != null ? `clawdbot-${uid}` : "clawdbot";
+  return path.join(base, suffix);
+}
+
 const OAUTH_FILENAME = "oauth.json";
 
 /**

src/config/types.signal.ts

@@ -33,6 +33,8 @@ export type SignalAccountConfig = {
   cliPath?: string;
   /** Auto-start signal-cli daemon (default: true if httpUrl not set). */
   autoStart?: boolean;
+  /** Max time to wait for signal-cli daemon startup (ms, cap 120000). */
+  startupTimeoutMs?: number;
   receiveMode?: "on-start" | "manual";
   ignoreAttachments?: boolean;
   ignoreStories?: boolean;

src/config/types.telegram.ts

@@ -118,6 +118,8 @@ export type TelegramAccountConfig = {
   reactionLevel?: "off" | "ack" | "minimal" | "extensive";
   /** Heartbeat visibility settings for this channel. */
   heartbeat?: ChannelHeartbeatVisibilityConfig;
+  /** Controls whether link previews are shown in outbound messages. Default: true. */
+  linkPreview?: boolean;
 };
 
 export type TelegramTopicConfig = {

src/config/zod-schema.providers-core.ts

@@ -125,6 +125,7 @@ export const TelegramAccountSchemaBase = z
     reactionNotifications: z.enum(["off", "own", "all"]).optional(),
     reactionLevel: z.enum(["off", "ack", "minimal", "extensive"]).optional(),
     heartbeat: ChannelHeartbeatVisibilitySchema,
+    linkPreview: z.boolean().optional(),
   })
   .strict();
 
@@ -486,6 +487,7 @@ export const SignalAccountSchemaBase = z
     httpPort: z.number().int().positive().optional(),
     cliPath: ExecutableTokenSchema.optional(),
     autoStart: z.boolean().optional(),
+    startupTimeoutMs: z.number().int().min(1000).max(120000).optional(),
     receiveMode: z.union([z.literal("on-start"), z.literal("manual")]).optional(),
     ignoreAttachments: z.boolean().optional(),
     ignoreStories: z.boolean().optional(),

src/gateway/net.test.ts

@@ -1,77 +1,28 @@
-import { beforeEach, describe, expect, test, vi } from "vitest";
+import { describe, expect, it } from "vitest";
 
-const testTailnetIPv4 = { value: undefined as string | undefined };
+import { resolveGatewayListenHosts } from "./net.js";
-const testTailnetIPv6 = { value: undefined as string | undefined };
 
-vi.mock("../infra/tailnet.js", () => ({
+describe("resolveGatewayListenHosts", () => {
-  pickPrimaryTailnetIPv4: () => testTailnetIPv4.value,
+  it("returns the input host when not loopback", async () => {
-  pickPrimaryTailnetIPv6: () => testTailnetIPv6.value,
+    const hosts = await resolveGatewayListenHosts("0.0.0.0", {
-}));
+      canBindToHost: async () => {
-
+        throw new Error("should not be called");
-import { isLocalGatewayAddress, resolveGatewayClientIp } from "./net.js";
+      },
-
+    });
-describe("gateway net", () => {
+    expect(hosts).toEqual(["0.0.0.0"]);
-  beforeEach(() => {
-    testTailnetIPv4.value = undefined;
-    testTailnetIPv6.value = undefined;
   });
 
-  test("treats loopback as local", () => {
+  it("adds ::1 when IPv6 loopback is available", async () => {
-    expect(isLocalGatewayAddress("127.0.0.1")).toBe(true);
+    const hosts = await resolveGatewayListenHosts("127.0.0.1", {
-    expect(isLocalGatewayAddress("127.0.1.1")).toBe(true);
+      canBindToHost: async () => true,
-    expect(isLocalGatewayAddress("::1")).toBe(true);
+    });
-    expect(isLocalGatewayAddress("::ffff:127.0.0.1")).toBe(true);
+    expect(hosts).toEqual(["127.0.0.1", "::1"]);
   });
 
-  test("treats local tailnet IPv4 as local", () => {
+  it("keeps only IPv4 loopback when IPv6 is unavailable", async () => {
-    testTailnetIPv4.value = "100.64.0.1";
+    const hosts = await resolveGatewayListenHosts("127.0.0.1", {
-    expect(isLocalGatewayAddress("100.64.0.1")).toBe(true);
+      canBindToHost: async () => false,
-    expect(isLocalGatewayAddress("::ffff:100.64.0.1")).toBe(true);
     });
-
+    expect(hosts).toEqual(["127.0.0.1"]);
-  test("ignores non-matching tailnet IPv4", () => {
-    testTailnetIPv4.value = "100.64.0.1";
-    expect(isLocalGatewayAddress("100.64.0.2")).toBe(false);
-  });
-
-  test("treats local tailnet IPv6 as local", () => {
-    testTailnetIPv6.value = "fd7a:115c:a1e0::123";
-    expect(isLocalGatewayAddress("fd7a:115c:a1e0::123")).toBe(true);
-  });
-
-  test("uses forwarded-for when remote is a trusted proxy", () => {
-    const clientIp = resolveGatewayClientIp({
-      remoteAddr: "10.0.0.2",
-      forwardedFor: "203.0.113.9, 10.0.0.2",
-      trustedProxies: ["10.0.0.2"],
-    });
-    expect(clientIp).toBe("203.0.113.9");
-  });
-
-  test("ignores forwarded-for from untrusted proxies", () => {
-    const clientIp = resolveGatewayClientIp({
-      remoteAddr: "10.0.0.3",
-      forwardedFor: "203.0.113.9",
-      trustedProxies: ["10.0.0.2"],
-    });
-    expect(clientIp).toBe("10.0.0.3");
-  });
-
-  test("normalizes trusted proxy IPs and strips forwarded ports", () => {
-    const clientIp = resolveGatewayClientIp({
-      remoteAddr: "::ffff:10.0.0.2",
-      forwardedFor: "203.0.113.9:1234",
-      trustedProxies: ["10.0.0.2"],
-    });
-    expect(clientIp).toBe("203.0.113.9");
-  });
-
-  test("falls back to x-real-ip when forwarded-for is missing", () => {
-    const clientIp = resolveGatewayClientIp({
-      remoteAddr: "10.0.0.2",
-      realIp: "203.0.113.10",
-      trustedProxies: ["10.0.0.2"],
-    });
-    expect(clientIp).toBe("203.0.113.10");
   });
 });

src/gateway/net.ts

@@ -97,14 +97,14 @@ export async function resolveGatewayBindHost(
 
   if (mode === "loopback") {
     // 127.0.0.1 rarely fails, but handle gracefully
-    if (await canBindTo("127.0.0.1")) return "127.0.0.1";
+    if (await canBindToHost("127.0.0.1")) return "127.0.0.1";
     return "0.0.0.0"; // extreme fallback
   }
 
   if (mode === "tailnet") {
     const tailnetIP = pickPrimaryTailnetIPv4();
-    if (tailnetIP && (await canBindTo(tailnetIP))) return tailnetIP;
+    if (tailnetIP && (await canBindToHost(tailnetIP))) return tailnetIP;
-    if (await canBindTo("127.0.0.1")) return "127.0.0.1";
+    if (await canBindToHost("127.0.0.1")) return "127.0.0.1";
     return "0.0.0.0";
   }
 
@@ -116,13 +116,13 @@ export async function resolveGatewayBindHost(
     const host = customHost?.trim();
     if (!host) return "0.0.0.0"; // invalid config → fall back to all
 
-    if (isValidIPv4(host) && (await canBindTo(host))) return host;
+    if (isValidIPv4(host) && (await canBindToHost(host))) return host;
     // Custom IP failed → fall back to LAN
     return "0.0.0.0";
   }
 
   if (mode === "auto") {
-    if (await canBindTo("127.0.0.1")) return "127.0.0.1";
+    if (await canBindToHost("127.0.0.1")) return "127.0.0.1";
     return "0.0.0.0";
   }
 
@@ -136,7 +136,7 @@ export async function resolveGatewayBindHost(
  * @param host - The host address to test
  * @returns True if we can successfully bind to this address
  */
-async function canBindTo(host: string): Promise<boolean> {
+export async function canBindToHost(host: string): Promise<boolean> {
   return new Promise((resolve) => {
     const testServer = net.createServer();
     testServer.once("error", () => {
@@ -151,6 +151,16 @@ async function canBindTo(host: string): Promise<boolean> {
   });
 }
 
+export async function resolveGatewayListenHosts(
+  bindHost: string,
+  opts?: { canBindToHost?: (host: string) => Promise<boolean> },
+): Promise<string[]> {
+  if (bindHost !== "127.0.0.1") return [bindHost];
+  const canBind = opts?.canBindToHost ?? canBindToHost;
+  if (await canBind("::1")) return [bindHost, "::1"];
+  return [bindHost];
+}
+
 /**
  * Validate if a string is a valid IPv4 address.
  *

src/gateway/server-close.ts

@@ -28,6 +28,7 @@ export function createGatewayCloseHandler(params: {
   browserControl: { stop: () => Promise<void> } | null;
   wss: WebSocketServer;
   httpServer: HttpServer;
+  httpServers?: HttpServer[];
 }) {
   return async (opts?: { reason?: string; restartExpectedMs?: number | null }) => {
     const reasonRaw = typeof opts?.reason === "string" ? opts.reason.trim() : "";
@@ -108,14 +109,20 @@ export function createGatewayCloseHandler(params: {
       await params.browserControl.stop().catch(() => {});
     }
     await new Promise<void>((resolve) => params.wss.close(() => resolve()));
-    const httpServer = params.httpServer as HttpServer & {
+    const servers =
+      params.httpServers && params.httpServers.length > 0
+        ? params.httpServers
+        : [params.httpServer];
+    for (const server of servers) {
+      const httpServer = server as HttpServer & {
         closeIdleConnections?: () => void;
       };
       if (typeof httpServer.closeIdleConnections === "function") {
         httpServer.closeIdleConnections();
       }
       await new Promise<void>((resolve, reject) =>
-      params.httpServer.close((err) => (err ? reject(err) : resolve())),
+        httpServer.close((err) => (err ? reject(err) : resolve())),
       );
+    }
   };
 }

src/gateway/server-runtime-state.ts

@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@ import type { ChatAbortControllerEntry } from "./chat-abort.js";
 import type { HooksConfigResolved } from "./hooks.js";
 import { createGatewayHooksRequestHandler } from "./server/hooks.js";
 import { listenGatewayHttpServer } from "./server/http-listen.js";
+import { resolveGatewayListenHosts } from "./net.js";
 import { createGatewayPluginRequestHandler } from "./server/plugins-http.js";
 import type { GatewayWsClient } from "./server/ws-types.js";
 import { createGatewayBroadcaster } from "./server-broadcast.js";
@@ -38,11 +39,14 @@ export async function createGatewayRuntimeState(params: {
   canvasHostEnabled: boolean;
   allowCanvasHostInTests?: boolean;
   logCanvas: { info: (msg: string) => void; warn: (msg: string) => void };
+  log: { info: (msg: string) => void; warn: (msg: string) => void };
   logHooks: ReturnType<typeof createSubsystemLogger>;
   logPlugins: ReturnType<typeof createSubsystemLogger>;
 }): Promise<{
   canvasHost: CanvasHostHandler | null;
   httpServer: HttpServer;
+  httpServers: HttpServer[];
+  httpBindHosts: string[];
   wss: WebSocketServer;
   clients: Set<GatewayWsClient>;
   broadcast: (
@@ -100,6 +104,10 @@ export async function createGatewayRuntimeState(params: {
     log: params.logPlugins,
   });
 
+  const bindHosts = await resolveGatewayListenHosts(params.bindHost);
+  const httpServers: HttpServer[] = [];
+  const httpBindHosts: string[] = [];
+  for (const host of bindHosts) {
     const httpServer = createGatewayHttpServer({
       canvasHost,
       controlUiEnabled: params.controlUiEnabled,
@@ -112,18 +120,33 @@ export async function createGatewayRuntimeState(params: {
       resolvedAuth: params.resolvedAuth,
       tlsOptions: params.gatewayTls?.enabled ? params.gatewayTls.tlsOptions : undefined,
     });
-
+    try {
       await listenGatewayHttpServer({
         httpServer,
-    bindHost: params.bindHost,
+        bindHost: host,
         port: params.port,
       });
+      httpServers.push(httpServer);
+      httpBindHosts.push(host);
+    } catch (err) {
+      if (host === bindHosts[0]) throw err;
+      params.log.warn(
+        `gateway: failed to bind loopback alias ${host}:${params.port} (${String(err)})`,
+      );
+    }
+  }
+  const httpServer = httpServers[0];
+  if (!httpServer) {
+    throw new Error("Gateway HTTP server failed to start");
+  }
 
   const wss = new WebSocketServer({
     noServer: true,
     maxPayload: MAX_PAYLOAD_BYTES,
   });
-  attachGatewayUpgradeHandler({ httpServer, wss, canvasHost });
+  for (const server of httpServers) {
+    attachGatewayUpgradeHandler({ httpServer: server, wss, canvasHost });
+  }
 
   const clients = new Set<GatewayWsClient>();
   const { broadcast } = createGatewayBroadcaster({ clients });
@@ -140,6 +163,8 @@ export async function createGatewayRuntimeState(params: {
   return {
     canvasHost,
     httpServer,
+    httpServers,
+    httpBindHosts,
     wss,
     clients,
     broadcast,

src/gateway/server-startup-log.ts

@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ import { getResolvedLoggerSettings } from "../logging.js";
 export function logGatewayStartup(params: {
   cfg: ReturnType<typeof loadConfig>;
   bindHost: string;
+  bindHosts?: string[];
   port: number;
   tlsEnabled?: boolean;
   log: { info: (msg: string, meta?: Record<string, unknown>) => void };
@@ -22,9 +23,16 @@ export function logGatewayStartup(params: {
     consoleMessage: `agent model: ${chalk.whiteBright(modelRef)}`,
   });
   const scheme = params.tlsEnabled ? "wss" : "ws";
+  const formatHost = (host: string) => (host.includes(":") ? `[${host}]` : host);
+  const hosts =
+    params.bindHosts && params.bindHosts.length > 0 ? params.bindHosts : [params.bindHost];
+  const primaryHost = hosts[0] ?? params.bindHost;
   params.log.info(
-    `listening on ${scheme}://${params.bindHost}:${params.port} (PID ${process.pid})`,
+    `listening on ${scheme}://${formatHost(primaryHost)}:${params.port} (PID ${process.pid})`,
   );
+  for (const host of hosts.slice(1)) {
+    params.log.info(`listening on ${scheme}://${formatHost(host)}:${params.port}`);
+  }
   params.log.info(`log file: ${getResolvedLoggerSettings().file}`);
   if (params.isNixMode) {
     params.log.info("gateway: running in Nix mode (config managed externally)");

src/gateway/server.auth.e2e.test.ts

@@ -230,6 +230,21 @@ describe("gateway server auth/connect", () => {
       ws.close();
     });
 
+    test("returns control ui hint when token is missing", async () => {
+      const ws = await openWs(port);
+      const res = await connectReq(ws, {
+        client: {
+          id: GATEWAY_CLIENT_NAMES.CONTROL_UI,
+          version: "1.0.0",
+          platform: "web",
+          mode: GATEWAY_CLIENT_MODES.WEBCHAT,
+        },
+      });
+      expect(res.ok).toBe(false);
+      expect(res.error?.message ?? "").toContain("Control UI settings");
+      ws.close();
+    });
+
     test("rejects control ui without device identity by default", async () => {
       const ws = await openWs(port);
       const res = await connectReq(ws, {

src/gateway/server.impl.ts

@@ -263,6 +263,8 @@ export async function startGatewayServer(
   const {
     canvasHost,
     httpServer,
+    httpServers,
+    httpBindHosts,
     wss,
     clients,
     broadcast,
@@ -292,6 +294,7 @@ export async function startGatewayServer(
     canvasHostEnabled,
     allowCanvasHostInTests: opts.allowCanvasHostInTests,
     logCanvas,
+    log,
     logHooks,
     logPlugins,
   });
@@ -464,6 +467,7 @@ export async function startGatewayServer(
   logGatewayStartup({
     cfg: cfgAtStart,
     bindHost,
+    bindHosts: httpBindHosts,
     port,
     tlsEnabled: gatewayTls.enabled,
     log,
@@ -552,6 +556,7 @@ export async function startGatewayServer(
     browserControl,
     wss,
     httpServer,
+    httpServers,
   });
 
   return {

src/gateway/server/ws-connection/message-handler.ts

@@ -66,19 +66,34 @@ function formatGatewayAuthFailureMessage(params: {
   authMode: ResolvedGatewayAuth["mode"];
   authProvided: AuthProvidedKind;
   reason?: string;
+  client?: { id?: string | null; mode?: string | null };
 }): string {
-  const { authMode, authProvided, reason } = params;
+  const { authMode, authProvided, reason, client } = params;
+  const isCli = isGatewayCliClient(client);
+  const isControlUi = client?.id === GATEWAY_CLIENT_IDS.CONTROL_UI;
+  const isWebchat = isWebchatClient(client);
+  const uiHint = "open a tokenized dashboard URL or paste token in Control UI settings";
+  const tokenHint = isCli
+    ? "set gateway.remote.token to match gateway.auth.token"
+    : isControlUi || isWebchat
+      ? uiHint
+      : "provide gateway auth token";
+  const passwordHint = isCli
+    ? "set gateway.remote.password to match gateway.auth.password"
+    : isControlUi || isWebchat
+      ? "enter the password in Control UI settings"
+      : "provide gateway auth password";
   switch (reason) {
     case "token_missing":
-      return "unauthorized: gateway token missing (set gateway.remote.token to match gateway.auth.token)";
+      return `unauthorized: gateway token missing (${tokenHint})`;
     case "token_mismatch":
-      return "unauthorized: gateway token mismatch (set gateway.remote.token to match gateway.auth.token)";
+      return `unauthorized: gateway token mismatch (${tokenHint})`;
     case "token_missing_config":
       return "unauthorized: gateway token not configured on gateway (set gateway.auth.token)";
     case "password_missing":
-      return "unauthorized: gateway password missing (set gateway.remote.password to match gateway.auth.password)";
+      return `unauthorized: gateway password missing (${passwordHint})`;
     case "password_mismatch":
-      return "unauthorized: gateway password mismatch (set gateway.remote.password to match gateway.auth.password)";
+      return `unauthorized: gateway password mismatch (${passwordHint})`;
     case "password_missing_config":
       return "unauthorized: gateway password not configured on gateway (set gateway.auth.password)";
     case "tailscale_user_missing":
@@ -90,10 +105,10 @@ function formatGatewayAuthFailureMessage(params: {
   }
 
   if (authMode === "token" && authProvided === "none") {
-    return "unauthorized: gateway token missing (set gateway.remote.token to match gateway.auth.token)";
+    return `unauthorized: gateway token missing (${tokenHint})`;
   }
   if (authMode === "password" && authProvided === "none") {
-    return "unauthorized: gateway password missing (set gateway.remote.password to match gateway.auth.password)";
+    return `unauthorized: gateway password missing (${passwordHint})`;
   }
   return "unauthorized";
 }
@@ -532,6 +547,7 @@ export function attachGatewayWsMessageHandler(params: {
             authMode: resolvedAuth.mode,
             authProvided,
             reason: authResult.reason,
+            client: connectParams.client,
           });
           setCloseCause("unauthorized", {
             authMode: resolvedAuth.mode,

src/infra/gateway-lock.test.ts

@@ -7,12 +7,13 @@ import path from "node:path";
 import { describe, expect, it, vi } from "vitest";
 
 import { acquireGatewayLock, GatewayLockError } from "./gateway-lock.js";
-import { resolveConfigPath, resolveStateDir } from "../config/paths.js";
+import { resolveConfigPath, resolveGatewayLockDir, resolveStateDir } from "../config/paths.js";
 
 async function makeEnv() {
   const dir = await fs.mkdtemp(path.join(os.tmpdir(), "clawdbot-gateway-lock-"));
   const configPath = path.join(dir, "clawdbot.json");
   await fs.writeFile(configPath, "{}", "utf8");
+  await fs.mkdir(resolveGatewayLockDir(), { recursive: true });
   return {
     env: {
       ...process.env,
@@ -29,7 +30,8 @@ function resolveLockPath(env: NodeJS.ProcessEnv) {
   const stateDir = resolveStateDir(env);
   const configPath = resolveConfigPath(env, stateDir);
   const hash = createHash("sha1").update(configPath).digest("hex").slice(0, 8);
-  return { lockPath: path.join(stateDir, `gateway.${hash}.lock`), configPath };
+  const lockDir = resolveGatewayLockDir();
+  return { lockPath: path.join(lockDir, `gateway.${hash}.lock`), configPath };
 }
 
 function makeProcStat(pid: number, startTime: number) {

src/infra/gateway-lock.ts

@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ import fs from "node:fs/promises";
 import fsSync from "node:fs";
 import path from "node:path";
 
-import { resolveConfigPath, resolveStateDir } from "../config/paths.js";
+import { resolveConfigPath, resolveGatewayLockDir, resolveStateDir } from "../config/paths.js";
 
 const DEFAULT_TIMEOUT_MS = 5000;
 const DEFAULT_POLL_INTERVAL_MS = 100;
@@ -150,7 +150,8 @@ function resolveGatewayLockPath(env: NodeJS.ProcessEnv) {
   const stateDir = resolveStateDir(env);
   const configPath = resolveConfigPath(env, stateDir);
   const hash = createHash("sha1").update(configPath).digest("hex").slice(0, 8);
-  const lockPath = path.join(stateDir, `gateway.${hash}.lock`);
+  const lockDir = resolveGatewayLockDir();
+  const lockPath = path.join(lockDir, `gateway.${hash}.lock`);
   return { lockPath, configPath };
 }
 

src/plugins/runtime/index.ts

@@ -124,6 +124,7 @@ import { startWebLoginWithQr, waitForWebLogin } from "../../web/login-qr.js";
 import { sendMessageWhatsApp, sendPollWhatsApp } from "../../web/outbound.js";
 import { registerMemoryCli } from "../../cli/memory-cli.js";
 import { formatNativeDependencyHint } from "./native-deps.js";
+import { textToSpeechTelephony } from "../../tts/tts.js";
 
 import type { PluginRuntime } from "./types.js";
 
@@ -162,6 +163,9 @@ export function createPluginRuntime(): PluginRuntime {
       getImageMetadata,
       resizeToJpeg,
     },
+    tts: {
+      textToSpeechTelephony,
+    },
     tools: {
       createMemoryGetTool,
       createMemorySearchTool,

src/plugins/runtime/types.ts

@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ type UpsertChannelPairingRequest =
   typeof import("../../pairing/pairing-store.js").upsertChannelPairingRequest;
 type FetchRemoteMedia = typeof import("../../media/fetch.js").fetchRemoteMedia;
 type SaveMediaBuffer = typeof import("../../media/store.js").saveMediaBuffer;
+type TextToSpeechTelephony = typeof import("../../tts/tts.js").textToSpeechTelephony;
 type BuildMentionRegexes = typeof import("../../auto-reply/reply/mentions.js").buildMentionRegexes;
 type MatchesMentionPatterns =
   typeof import("../../auto-reply/reply/mentions.js").matchesMentionPatterns;
@@ -173,6 +174,9 @@ export type PluginRuntime = {
     getImageMetadata: GetImageMetadata;
     resizeToJpeg: ResizeToJpeg;
   };
+  tts: {
+    textToSpeechTelephony: TextToSpeechTelephony;
+  };
   tools: {
     createMemoryGetTool: CreateMemoryGetTool;
     createMemorySearchTool: CreateMemorySearchTool;

src/plugins/voice-call.plugin.test.ts

@@ -43,6 +43,7 @@ function setup(config: Record<string, unknown>): Registered {
     source: "test",
     config: {},
     pluginConfig: config,
+    runtime: { tts: { textToSpeechTelephony: vi.fn() } },
     logger: noopLogger,
     registerGatewayMethod: (method, handler) => methods.set(method, handler),
     registerTool: (tool) => tools.push(tool),
@@ -142,6 +143,7 @@ describe("voice-call plugin", () => {
       source: "test",
       config: {},
       pluginConfig: { provider: "mock" },
+      runtime: { tts: { textToSpeechTelephony: vi.fn() } },
       logger: noopLogger,
       registerGatewayMethod: () => {},
       registerTool: () => {},

src/process/exec.ts

@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ import { promisify } from "node:util";
 
 import { danger, shouldLogVerbose } from "../globals.js";
 import { logDebug, logError } from "../logger.js";
+import { resolveCommandStdio } from "./spawn-utils.js";
 
 const execFileAsync = promisify(execFile);
 
@@ -78,19 +79,22 @@ export async function runCommandWithTimeout(
     if (resolvedEnv.npm_config_fund == null) resolvedEnv.npm_config_fund = "false";
   }
 
-  // Spawn with inherited stdin (TTY) so tools like `pi` stay interactive when needed.
+  const stdio = resolveCommandStdio({ hasInput, preferInherit: true });
-  return await new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
   const child = spawn(argv[0], argv.slice(1), {
-      stdio: [hasInput ? "pipe" : "inherit", "pipe", "pipe"],
+    stdio,
     cwd,
     env: resolvedEnv,
     windowsVerbatimArguments,
   });
+  // Spawn with inherited stdin (TTY) so tools like `pi` stay interactive when needed.
+  return await new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
     let stdout = "";
     let stderr = "";
     let settled = false;
     const timer = setTimeout(() => {
+      if (typeof child.kill === "function") {
         child.kill("SIGKILL");
+      }
     }, timeoutMs);
 
     if (hasInput && child.stdin) {

src/process/spawn-utils.test.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,64 @@
+import { EventEmitter } from "node:events";
+import { PassThrough } from "node:stream";
+import type { ChildProcess } from "node:child_process";
+import { describe, expect, it, vi } from "vitest";
+
+import { spawnWithFallback } from "./spawn-utils.js";
+
+function createStubChild() {
+  const child = new EventEmitter() as ChildProcess;
+  child.stdin = new PassThrough() as ChildProcess["stdin"];
+  child.stdout = new PassThrough() as ChildProcess["stdout"];
+  child.stderr = new PassThrough() as ChildProcess["stderr"];
+  child.pid = 1234;
+  child.killed = false;
+  child.kill = vi.fn(() => true) as ChildProcess["kill"];
+  queueMicrotask(() => {
+    child.emit("spawn");
+  });
+  return child;
+}
+
+describe("spawnWithFallback", () => {
+  it("retries on EBADF using fallback options", async () => {
+    const spawnMock = vi
+      .fn()
+      .mockImplementationOnce(() => {
+        const err = new Error("spawn EBADF");
+        (err as NodeJS.ErrnoException).code = "EBADF";
+        throw err;
+      })
+      .mockImplementationOnce(() => createStubChild());
+
+    const result = await spawnWithFallback({
+      argv: ["echo", "ok"],
+      options: { stdio: ["pipe", "pipe", "pipe"] },
+      fallbacks: [{ label: "safe-stdin", options: { stdio: ["ignore", "pipe", "pipe"] } }],
+      spawnImpl: spawnMock,
+    });
+
+    expect(result.usedFallback).toBe(true);
+    expect(result.fallbackLabel).toBe("safe-stdin");
+    expect(spawnMock).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(2);
+    expect(spawnMock.mock.calls[0]?.[2]?.stdio).toEqual(["pipe", "pipe", "pipe"]);
+    expect(spawnMock.mock.calls[1]?.[2]?.stdio).toEqual(["ignore", "pipe", "pipe"]);
+  });
+
+  it("does not retry on non-EBADF errors", async () => {
+    const spawnMock = vi.fn().mockImplementationOnce(() => {
+      const err = new Error("spawn ENOENT");
+      (err as NodeJS.ErrnoException).code = "ENOENT";
+      throw err;
+    });
+
+    await expect(
+      spawnWithFallback({
+        argv: ["missing"],
+        options: { stdio: ["pipe", "pipe", "pipe"] },
+        fallbacks: [{ label: "safe-stdin", options: { stdio: ["ignore", "pipe", "pipe"] } }],
+        spawnImpl: spawnMock,
+      }),
+    ).rejects.toThrow(/ENOENT/);
+    expect(spawnMock).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
+  });
+});

src/process/spawn-utils.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,127 @@
+import type { ChildProcess, SpawnOptions } from "node:child_process";
+import { spawn } from "node:child_process";
+
+export type SpawnFallback = {
+  label: string;
+  options: SpawnOptions;
+};
+
+export type SpawnWithFallbackResult = {
+  child: ChildProcess;
+  usedFallback: boolean;
+  fallbackLabel?: string;
+};
+
+type SpawnWithFallbackParams = {
+  argv: string[];
+  options: SpawnOptions;
+  fallbacks?: SpawnFallback[];
+  spawnImpl?: typeof spawn;
+  retryCodes?: string[];
+  onFallback?: (err: unknown, fallback: SpawnFallback) => void;
+};
+
+const DEFAULT_RETRY_CODES = ["EBADF"];
+
+export function resolveCommandStdio(params: {
+  hasInput: boolean;
+  preferInherit: boolean;
+}): ["pipe" | "inherit" | "ignore", "pipe", "pipe"] {
+  const stdin = params.hasInput ? "pipe" : params.preferInherit ? "inherit" : "pipe";
+  return [stdin, "pipe", "pipe"];
+}
+
+export function formatSpawnError(err: unknown): string {
+  if (!(err instanceof Error)) return String(err);
+  const details = err as NodeJS.ErrnoException;
+  const parts: string[] = [];
+  const message = err.message?.trim();
+  if (message) parts.push(message);
+  if (details.code && !message?.includes(details.code)) parts.push(details.code);
+  if (details.syscall) parts.push(`syscall=${details.syscall}`);
+  if (typeof details.errno === "number") parts.push(`errno=${details.errno}`);
+  return parts.join(" ");
+}
+
+function shouldRetry(err: unknown, codes: string[]): boolean {
+  const code =
+    err && typeof err === "object" && "code" in err ? String((err as { code?: unknown }).code) : "";
+  return code.length > 0 && codes.includes(code);
+}
+
+async function spawnAndWaitForSpawn(
+  spawnImpl: typeof spawn,
+  argv: string[],
+  options: SpawnOptions,
+): Promise<ChildProcess> {
+  const child = spawnImpl(argv[0], argv.slice(1), options);
+
+  return await new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
+    let settled = false;
+    const cleanup = () => {
+      child.removeListener("error", onError);
+      child.removeListener("spawn", onSpawn);
+    };
+    const finishResolve = () => {
+      if (settled) return;
+      settled = true;
+      cleanup();
+      resolve(child);
+    };
+    const onError = (err: unknown) => {
+      if (settled) return;
+      settled = true;
+      cleanup();
+      reject(err);
+    };
+    const onSpawn = () => {
+      finishResolve();
+    };
+    child.once("error", onError);
+    child.once("spawn", onSpawn);
+    // Ensure mocked spawns that never emit "spawn" don't stall.
+    process.nextTick(() => {
+      if (typeof child.pid === "number") {
+        finishResolve();
+      }
+    });
+  });
+}
+
+export async function spawnWithFallback(
+  params: SpawnWithFallbackParams,
+): Promise<SpawnWithFallbackResult> {
+  const spawnImpl = params.spawnImpl ?? spawn;
+  const retryCodes = params.retryCodes ?? DEFAULT_RETRY_CODES;
+  const baseOptions = { ...params.options };
+  const fallbacks = params.fallbacks ?? [];
+  const attempts: Array<{ label?: string; options: SpawnOptions }> = [
+    { options: baseOptions },
+    ...fallbacks.map((fallback) => ({
+      label: fallback.label,
+      options: { ...baseOptions, ...fallback.options },
+    })),
+  ];
+
+  let lastError: unknown;
+  for (let index = 0; index < attempts.length; index += 1) {
+    const attempt = attempts[index];
+    try {
+      const child = await spawnAndWaitForSpawn(spawnImpl, params.argv, attempt.options);
+      return {
+        child,
+        usedFallback: index > 0,
+        fallbackLabel: attempt.label,
+      };
+    } catch (err) {
+      lastError = err;
+      const nextFallback = fallbacks[index];
+      if (!nextFallback || !shouldRetry(err, retryCodes)) {
+        throw err;
+      }
+      params.onFallback?.(err, nextFallback);
+    }
+  }
+
+  throw lastError;
+}

src/signal/monitor.tool-result.sends-tool-summaries-responseprefix.test.ts

@@ -126,6 +126,90 @@ describe("monitorSignalProvider tool results", () => {
       }),
     );
   });
+
+  it("uses startupTimeoutMs override when provided", async () => {
+    const runtime = {
+      log: vi.fn(),
+      error: vi.fn(),
+      exit: ((code: number): never => {
+        throw new Error(`exit ${code}`);
+      }) as (code: number) => never,
+    };
+    config = {
+      ...config,
+      channels: {
+        ...config.channels,
+        signal: {
+          autoStart: true,
+          dmPolicy: "open",
+          allowFrom: ["*"],
+          startupTimeoutMs: 60_000,
+        },
+      },
+    };
+    const abortController = new AbortController();
+    streamMock.mockImplementation(async () => {
+      abortController.abort();
+      return;
+    });
+
+    await monitorSignalProvider({
+      autoStart: true,
+      baseUrl: "http://127.0.0.1:8080",
+      abortSignal: abortController.signal,
+      runtime,
+      startupTimeoutMs: 90_000,
+    });
+
+    expect(waitForTransportReadyMock).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
+    expect(waitForTransportReadyMock).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
+      expect.objectContaining({
+        timeoutMs: 90_000,
+      }),
+    );
+  });
+
+  it("caps startupTimeoutMs at 2 minutes", async () => {
+    const runtime = {
+      log: vi.fn(),
+      error: vi.fn(),
+      exit: ((code: number): never => {
+        throw new Error(`exit ${code}`);
+      }) as (code: number) => never,
+    };
+    config = {
+      ...config,
+      channels: {
+        ...config.channels,
+        signal: {
+          autoStart: true,
+          dmPolicy: "open",
+          allowFrom: ["*"],
+          startupTimeoutMs: 180_000,
+        },
+      },
+    };
+    const abortController = new AbortController();
+    streamMock.mockImplementation(async () => {
+      abortController.abort();
+      return;
+    });
+
+    await monitorSignalProvider({
+      autoStart: true,
+      baseUrl: "http://127.0.0.1:8080",
+      abortSignal: abortController.signal,
+      runtime,
+    });
+
+    expect(waitForTransportReadyMock).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
+    expect(waitForTransportReadyMock).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
+      expect.objectContaining({
+        timeoutMs: 120_000,
+      }),
+    );
+  });
+
   it("sends tool summaries with responsePrefix", async () => {
     const abortController = new AbortController();
     replyMock.mockImplementation(async (_ctx, opts) => {

src/signal/monitor.ts

@@ -43,6 +43,7 @@ export type MonitorSignalOpts = {
   config?: ClawdbotConfig;
   baseUrl?: string;
   autoStart?: boolean;
+  startupTimeoutMs?: number;
   cliPath?: string;
   httpHost?: string;
   httpPort?: number;
@@ -285,6 +286,10 @@ export async function monitorSignalProvider(opts: MonitorSignalOpts = {}): Promi
   const sendReadReceipts = Boolean(opts.sendReadReceipts ?? accountInfo.config.sendReadReceipts);
 
   const autoStart = opts.autoStart ?? accountInfo.config.autoStart ?? !accountInfo.config.httpUrl;
+  const startupTimeoutMs = Math.min(
+    120_000,
+    Math.max(1_000, opts.startupTimeoutMs ?? accountInfo.config.startupTimeoutMs ?? 30_000),
+  );
   const readReceiptsViaDaemon = Boolean(autoStart && sendReadReceipts);
   let daemonHandle: ReturnType<typeof spawnSignalDaemon> | null = null;
 
@@ -315,7 +320,7 @@ export async function monitorSignalProvider(opts: MonitorSignalOpts = {}): Promi
       await waitForSignalDaemonReady({
         baseUrl,
         abortSignal: opts.abortSignal,
-        timeoutMs: 30_000,
+        timeoutMs: startupTimeoutMs,
         logAfterMs: 10_000,
         logIntervalMs: 10_000,
         runtime,

src/telegram/bot-message-context.dm-threads.test.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,72 @@
+import { describe, expect, it, vi } from "vitest";
+
+import { buildTelegramMessageContext } from "./bot-message-context.js";
+
+describe("buildTelegramMessageContext dm thread sessions", () => {
+  const baseConfig = {
+    agents: { defaults: { model: "anthropic/claude-opus-4-5", workspace: "/tmp/clawd" } },
+    channels: { telegram: {} },
+    messages: { groupChat: { mentionPatterns: [] } },
+  } as never;
+
+  const buildContext = async (message: Record<string, unknown>) =>
+    await buildTelegramMessageContext({
+      primaryCtx: {
+        message,
+        me: { id: 7, username: "bot" },
+      } as never,
+      allMedia: [],
+      storeAllowFrom: [],
+      options: {},
+      bot: {
+        api: {
+          sendChatAction: vi.fn(),
+          setMessageReaction: vi.fn(),
+        },
+      } as never,
+      cfg: baseConfig,
+      account: { accountId: "default" } as never,
+      historyLimit: 0,
+      groupHistories: new Map(),
+      dmPolicy: "open",
+      allowFrom: [],
+      groupAllowFrom: [],
+      ackReactionScope: "off",
+      logger: { info: vi.fn() },
+      resolveGroupActivation: () => undefined,
+      resolveGroupRequireMention: () => false,
+      resolveTelegramGroupConfig: () => ({
+        groupConfig: { requireMention: false },
+        topicConfig: undefined,
+      }),
+    });
+
+  it("uses thread session key for dm topics", async () => {
+    const ctx = await buildContext({
+      message_id: 1,
+      chat: { id: 1234, type: "private" },
+      date: 1700000000,
+      text: "hello",
+      message_thread_id: 42,
+      from: { id: 42, first_name: "Alice" },
+    });
+
+    expect(ctx).not.toBeNull();
+    expect(ctx?.ctxPayload?.MessageThreadId).toBe(42);
+    expect(ctx?.ctxPayload?.SessionKey).toBe("agent:main:main:thread:42");
+  });
+
+  it("keeps legacy dm session key when no thread id", async () => {
+    const ctx = await buildContext({
+      message_id: 2,
+      chat: { id: 1234, type: "private" },
+      date: 1700000001,
+      text: "hello",
+      from: { id: 42, first_name: "Alice" },
+    });
+
+    expect(ctx).not.toBeNull();
+    expect(ctx?.ctxPayload?.MessageThreadId).toBeUndefined();
+    expect(ctx?.ctxPayload?.SessionKey).toBe("agent:main:main");
+  });
+});

src/telegram/bot-message-context.ts

@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@ import type { DmPolicy, TelegramGroupConfig, TelegramTopicConfig } from "../conf
 import { logVerbose, shouldLogVerbose } from "../globals.js";
 import { recordChannelActivity } from "../infra/channel-activity.js";
 import { resolveAgentRoute } from "../routing/resolve-route.js";
+import { resolveThreadSessionKeys } from "../routing/session-key.js";
 import { shouldAckReaction as shouldAckReactionGate } from "../channels/ack-reactions.js";
 import { resolveMentionGatingWithBypass } from "../channels/mention-gating.js";
 import { resolveControlCommandGate } from "../channels/command-gating.js";
@@ -136,6 +137,13 @@ export const buildTelegramMessageContext = async ({
       id: peerId,
     },
   });
+  const baseSessionKey = route.sessionKey;
+  const dmThreadId = !isGroup ? resolvedThreadId : undefined;
+  const threadKeys =
+    dmThreadId != null
+      ? resolveThreadSessionKeys({ baseSessionKey, threadId: String(dmThreadId) })
+      : null;
+  const sessionKey = threadKeys?.sessionKey ?? baseSessionKey;
   const mentionRegexes = buildMentionRegexes(cfg, route.agentId);
   const effectiveDmAllow = normalizeAllowFromWithStore({ allowFrom, storeAllowFrom });
   const groupAllowOverride = firstDefined(topicConfig?.allowFrom, groupConfig?.allowFrom);
@@ -325,7 +333,7 @@ export const buildTelegramMessageContext = async ({
   const activationOverride = resolveGroupActivation({
     chatId,
     messageThreadId: resolvedThreadId,
-    sessionKey: route.sessionKey,
+    sessionKey: sessionKey,
     agentId: route.agentId,
   });
   const baseRequireMention = resolveGroupRequireMention(chatId);
@@ -432,7 +440,7 @@ export const buildTelegramMessageContext = async ({
   const envelopeOptions = resolveEnvelopeFormatOptions(cfg);
   const previousTimestamp = readSessionUpdatedAt({
     storePath,
-    sessionKey: route.sessionKey,
+    sessionKey: sessionKey,
   });
   const body = formatInboundEnvelope({
     channel: "Telegram",
@@ -482,7 +490,7 @@ export const buildTelegramMessageContext = async ({
     CommandBody: commandBody,
     From: isGroup ? buildTelegramGroupFrom(chatId, resolvedThreadId) : `telegram:${chatId}`,
     To: `telegram:${chatId}`,
-    SessionKey: route.sessionKey,
+    SessionKey: sessionKey,
     AccountId: route.accountId,
     ChatType: isGroup ? "group" : "direct",
     ConversationLabel: conversationLabel,
@@ -526,7 +534,7 @@ export const buildTelegramMessageContext = async ({
 
   await recordInboundSession({
     storePath,
-    sessionKey: ctxPayload.SessionKey ?? route.sessionKey,
+    sessionKey: ctxPayload.SessionKey ?? sessionKey,
     ctx: ctxPayload,
     updateLastRoute: !isGroup
       ? {

src/telegram/bot-message-dispatch.ts

@@ -151,6 +151,7 @@ export const dispatchTelegramMessage = async ({
           tableMode,
           chunkMode,
           onVoiceRecording: sendRecordVoice,
+          linkPreview: telegramCfg.linkPreview,
         });
       },
       onError: (err, info) => {

src/telegram/bot-native-commands.ts

@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@ import { finalizeInboundContext } from "../auto-reply/reply/inbound-context.js";
 import { danger, logVerbose } from "../globals.js";
 import { resolveMarkdownTableMode } from "../config/markdown-tables.js";
 import { resolveAgentRoute } from "../routing/resolve-route.js";
+import { resolveThreadSessionKeys } from "../routing/session-key.js";
 import { resolveCommandAuthorizedFromAuthorizers } from "../channels/command-gating.js";
 import type { ChannelGroupPolicy } from "../config/group-policy.js";
 import type {
@@ -271,6 +272,13 @@ export const registerTelegramNativeCommands = ({
               id: isGroup ? buildTelegramGroupPeerId(chatId, resolvedThreadId) : String(chatId),
             },
           });
+          const baseSessionKey = route.sessionKey;
+          const dmThreadId = !isGroup ? resolvedThreadId : undefined;
+          const threadKeys =
+            dmThreadId != null
+              ? resolveThreadSessionKeys({ baseSessionKey, threadId: String(dmThreadId) })
+              : null;
+          const sessionKey = threadKeys?.sessionKey ?? baseSessionKey;
           const tableMode = resolveMarkdownTableMode({
             cfg,
             channel: "telegram",
@@ -309,7 +317,7 @@ export const registerTelegramNativeCommands = ({
             CommandAuthorized: commandAuthorized,
             CommandSource: "native" as const,
             SessionKey: `telegram:slash:${senderId || chatId}`,
-            CommandTargetSessionKey: route.sessionKey,
+            CommandTargetSessionKey: sessionKey,
             MessageThreadId: resolvedThreadId,
             IsForum: isForum,
             // Originating context for sub-agent announce routing
@@ -340,6 +348,7 @@ export const registerTelegramNativeCommands = ({
                   messageThreadId: resolvedThreadId,
                   tableMode,
                   chunkMode,
+                  linkPreview: telegramCfg.linkPreview,
                 });
               },
               onError: (err, info) => {

src/telegram/bot.test.ts

@@ -2163,6 +2163,46 @@ describe("createTelegramBot", () => {
       expect.objectContaining({ message_thread_id: 99 }),
     );
   });
+  it("sets command target session key for dm topic commands", async () => {
+    onSpy.mockReset();
+    sendMessageSpy.mockReset();
+    commandSpy.mockReset();
+    const replySpy = replyModule.__replySpy as unknown as ReturnType<typeof vi.fn>;
+    replySpy.mockReset();
+    replySpy.mockResolvedValue({ text: "response" });
+
+    loadConfig.mockReturnValue({
+      commands: { native: true },
+      channels: {
+        telegram: {
+          dmPolicy: "pairing",
+        },
+      },
+    });
+    readTelegramAllowFromStore.mockResolvedValueOnce(["12345"]);
+
+    createTelegramBot({ token: "tok" });
+    const handler = commandSpy.mock.calls.find((call) => call[0] === "status")?.[1] as
+      | ((ctx: Record<string, unknown>) => Promise<void>)
+      | undefined;
+    if (!handler) throw new Error("status command handler missing");
+
+    await handler({
+      message: {
+        chat: { id: 12345, type: "private" },
+        from: { id: 12345, username: "testuser" },
+        text: "/status",
+        date: 1736380800,
+        message_id: 42,
+        message_thread_id: 99,
+      },
+      match: "",
+    });
+
+    expect(replySpy).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
+    const payload = replySpy.mock.calls[0][0];
+    expect(payload.CommandTargetSessionKey).toBe("agent:main:main:thread:99");
+  });
 
   it("allows native DM commands for paired users", async () => {
     onSpy.mockReset();
@@ -2789,4 +2829,41 @@ describe("createTelegramBot", () => {
     const sessionKey = enqueueSystemEvent.mock.calls[0][1].sessionKey;
     expect(sessionKey).not.toContain(":topic:");
   });
+  it("uses thread session key for dm reactions with topic id", async () => {
+    onSpy.mockReset();
+    enqueueSystemEvent.mockReset();
+
+    loadConfig.mockReturnValue({
+      channels: {
+        telegram: { dmPolicy: "open", reactionNotifications: "all" },
+      },
+    });
+
+    createTelegramBot({ token: "tok" });
+    const handler = getOnHandler("message_reaction") as (
+      ctx: Record<string, unknown>,
+    ) => Promise<void>;
+
+    await handler({
+      update: { update_id: 508 },
+      messageReaction: {
+        chat: { id: 1234, type: "private" },
+        message_id: 300,
+        message_thread_id: 42,
+        user: { id: 12, first_name: "Dana" },
+        date: 1736380800,
+        old_reaction: [],
+        new_reaction: [{ type: "emoji", emoji: "🔥" }],
+      },
+    });
+
+    expect(enqueueSystemEvent).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
+    expect(enqueueSystemEvent).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
+      "Telegram reaction added: 🔥 by Dana on msg 300",
+      expect.objectContaining({
+        sessionKey: expect.stringContaining(":thread:42"),
+        contextKey: expect.stringContaining("telegram:reaction:add:1234:300:12"),
+      }),
+    );
+  });
 });

src/telegram/bot.ts

@@ -20,9 +20,11 @@ import {
 } from "../config/group-policy.js";
 import { loadSessionStore, resolveStorePath } from "../config/sessions.js";
 import { danger, logVerbose, shouldLogVerbose } from "../globals.js";
+import { createSubsystemLogger } from "../logging/subsystem.js";
 import { enqueueSystemEvent } from "../infra/system-events.js";
 import { getChildLogger } from "../logging.js";
 import { resolveAgentRoute } from "../routing/resolve-route.js";
+import { resolveThreadSessionKeys } from "../routing/session-key.js";
 import type { RuntimeEnv } from "../runtime.js";
 import { resolveTelegramAccount } from "./accounts.js";
 import {
@@ -161,7 +163,42 @@ export function createTelegramBot(opts: TelegramBotOptions) {
     return skipped;
   };
 
+  const rawUpdateLogger = createSubsystemLogger("gateway/channels/telegram/raw-update");
+  const MAX_RAW_UPDATE_CHARS = 8000;
+  const MAX_RAW_UPDATE_STRING = 500;
+  const MAX_RAW_UPDATE_ARRAY = 20;
+  const stringifyUpdate = (update: unknown) => {
+    const seen = new WeakSet<object>();
+    return JSON.stringify(update ?? null, (key, value) => {
+      if (typeof value === "string" && value.length > MAX_RAW_UPDATE_STRING) {
+        return `${value.slice(0, MAX_RAW_UPDATE_STRING)}...`;
+      }
+      if (Array.isArray(value) && value.length > MAX_RAW_UPDATE_ARRAY) {
+        return [
+          ...value.slice(0, MAX_RAW_UPDATE_ARRAY),
+          `...(${value.length - MAX_RAW_UPDATE_ARRAY} more)`,
+        ];
+      }
+      if (value && typeof value === "object") {
+        const obj = value as object;
+        if (seen.has(obj)) return "[Circular]";
+        seen.add(obj);
+      }
+      return value;
+    });
+  };
+
   bot.use(async (ctx, next) => {
+    if (shouldLogVerbose()) {
+      try {
+        const raw = stringifyUpdate(ctx.update);
+        const preview =
+          raw.length > MAX_RAW_UPDATE_CHARS ? `${raw.slice(0, MAX_RAW_UPDATE_CHARS)}...` : raw;
+        rawUpdateLogger.debug(`telegram update: ${preview}`);
+      } catch (err) {
+        rawUpdateLogger.debug(`telegram update log failed: ${String(err)}`);
+      }
+    }
     await next();
     recordUpdateId(ctx);
   });
@@ -372,13 +409,20 @@ export function createTelegramBot(opts: TelegramBotOptions) {
         accountId: account.accountId,
         peer: { kind: isGroup ? "group" : "dm", id: peerId },
       });
+      const baseSessionKey = route.sessionKey;
+      const dmThreadId = !isGroup ? resolvedThreadId : undefined;
+      const threadKeys =
+        dmThreadId != null
+          ? resolveThreadSessionKeys({ baseSessionKey, threadId: String(dmThreadId) })
+          : null;
+      const sessionKey = threadKeys?.sessionKey ?? baseSessionKey;
 
       // Enqueue system event for each added reaction
       for (const r of addedReactions) {
         const emoji = r.emoji;
         const text = `Telegram reaction added: ${emoji} by ${senderLabel} on msg ${messageId}`;
         enqueueSystemEvent(text, {
-          sessionKey: route.sessionKey,
+          sessionKey: sessionKey,
           contextKey: `telegram:reaction:add:${chatId}:${messageId}:${user?.id ?? "anon"}:${emoji}`,
         });
         logVerbose(`telegram: reaction event enqueued: ${text}`);

src/telegram/bot/delivery.test.ts

@@ -108,4 +108,60 @@ describe("deliverReplies", () => {
       }),
     );
   });
+
+  it("includes link_preview_options when linkPreview is false", async () => {
+    const runtime = { error: vi.fn(), log: vi.fn() };
+    const sendMessage = vi.fn().mockResolvedValue({
+      message_id: 3,
+      chat: { id: "123" },
+    });
+    const bot = { api: { sendMessage } } as unknown as Bot;
+
+    await deliverReplies({
+      replies: [{ text: "Check https://example.com" }],
+      chatId: "123",
+      token: "tok",
+      runtime,
+      bot,
+      replyToMode: "off",
+      textLimit: 4000,
+      linkPreview: false,
+    });
+
+    expect(sendMessage).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
+      "123",
+      expect.any(String),
+      expect.objectContaining({
+        link_preview_options: { is_disabled: true },
+      }),
+    );
+  });
+
+  it("does not include link_preview_options when linkPreview is true", async () => {
+    const runtime = { error: vi.fn(), log: vi.fn() };
+    const sendMessage = vi.fn().mockResolvedValue({
+      message_id: 4,
+      chat: { id: "123" },
+    });
+    const bot = { api: { sendMessage } } as unknown as Bot;
+
+    await deliverReplies({
+      replies: [{ text: "Check https://example.com" }],
+      chatId: "123",
+      token: "tok",
+      runtime,
+      bot,
+      replyToMode: "off",
+      textLimit: 4000,
+      linkPreview: true,
+    });
+
+    expect(sendMessage).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
+      "123",
+      expect.any(String),
+      expect.not.objectContaining({
+        link_preview_options: expect.anything(),
+      }),
+    );
+  });
 });

src/telegram/bot/delivery.ts

@@ -36,8 +36,11 @@ export async function deliverReplies(params: {
   chunkMode?: ChunkMode;
   /** Callback invoked before sending a voice message to switch typing indicator. */
   onVoiceRecording?: () => Promise<void> | void;
+  /** Controls whether link previews are shown. Default: true (previews enabled). */
+  linkPreview?: boolean;
 }) {
-  const { replies, chatId, runtime, bot, replyToMode, textLimit, messageThreadId } = params;
+  const { replies, chatId, runtime, bot, replyToMode, textLimit, messageThreadId, linkPreview } =
+    params;
   const chunkMode = params.chunkMode ?? "length";
   const threadParams = buildTelegramThreadParams(messageThreadId);
   let hasReplied = false;
@@ -85,6 +88,7 @@ export async function deliverReplies(params: {
           messageThreadId,
           textMode: "html",
           plainText: chunk.text,
+          linkPreview,
         });
         if (replyToId && !hasReplied) {
           hasReplied = true;
@@ -180,6 +184,7 @@ export async function deliverReplies(params: {
             messageThreadId,
             textMode: "html",
             plainText: chunk.text,
+            linkPreview,
           });
           if (replyToId && !hasReplied) {
             hasReplied = true;
@@ -248,17 +253,22 @@ async function sendTelegramText(
     messageThreadId?: number;
     textMode?: "markdown" | "html";
     plainText?: string;
+    linkPreview?: boolean;
   },
 ): Promise<number | undefined> {
   const baseParams = buildTelegramSendParams({
     replyToMessageId: opts?.replyToMessageId,
     messageThreadId: opts?.messageThreadId,
   });
+  // Add link_preview_options when link preview is disabled.
+  const linkPreviewEnabled = opts?.linkPreview ?? true;
+  const linkPreviewOptions = linkPreviewEnabled ? undefined : { is_disabled: true };
   const textMode = opts?.textMode ?? "markdown";
   const htmlText = textMode === "html" ? text : markdownToTelegramHtml(text);
   try {
     const res = await bot.api.sendMessage(chatId, htmlText, {
       parse_mode: "HTML",
+      ...(linkPreviewOptions ? { link_preview_options: linkPreviewOptions } : {}),
       ...baseParams,
     });
     return res.message_id;
@@ -268,6 +278,7 @@ async function sendTelegramText(
       runtime.log?.(`telegram HTML parse failed; retrying without formatting: ${errText}`);
       const fallbackText = opts?.plainText ?? text;
       const res = await bot.api.sendMessage(chatId, fallbackText, {
+        ...(linkPreviewOptions ? { link_preview_options: linkPreviewOptions } : {}),
         ...baseParams,
       });
       return res.message_id;

src/telegram/send.returns-undefined-empty-input.test.ts

@@ -152,6 +152,62 @@ describe("sendMessageTelegram", () => {
     expect(res.messageId).toBe("42");
   });
 
+  it("adds link_preview_options when previews are disabled in config", async () => {
+    const chatId = "123";
+    const sendMessage = vi.fn().mockResolvedValue({
+      message_id: 7,
+      chat: { id: chatId },
+    });
+    const api = { sendMessage } as unknown as {
+      sendMessage: typeof sendMessage;
+    };
+
+    loadConfig.mockReturnValue({
+      channels: { telegram: { linkPreview: false } },
+    });
+
+    await sendMessageTelegram(chatId, "hi", { token: "tok", api });
+
+    expect(sendMessage).toHaveBeenCalledWith(chatId, "hi", {
+      parse_mode: "HTML",
+      link_preview_options: { is_disabled: true },
+    });
+  });
+
+  it("keeps link_preview_options on plain-text fallback when disabled", async () => {
+    const chatId = "123";
+    const parseErr = new Error(
+      "400: Bad Request: can't parse entities: Can't find end of the entity starting at byte offset 9",
+    );
+    const sendMessage = vi
+      .fn()
+      .mockRejectedValueOnce(parseErr)
+      .mockResolvedValueOnce({
+        message_id: 42,
+        chat: { id: chatId },
+      });
+    const api = { sendMessage } as unknown as {
+      sendMessage: typeof sendMessage;
+    };
+
+    loadConfig.mockReturnValue({
+      channels: { telegram: { linkPreview: false } },
+    });
+
+    await sendMessageTelegram(chatId, "_oops_", {
+      token: "tok",
+      api,
+    });
+
+    expect(sendMessage).toHaveBeenNthCalledWith(1, chatId, "<i>oops</i>", {
+      parse_mode: "HTML",
+      link_preview_options: { is_disabled: true },
+    });
+    expect(sendMessage).toHaveBeenNthCalledWith(2, chatId, "_oops_", {
+      link_preview_options: { is_disabled: true },
+    });
+  });
+
   it("uses native fetch for BAN compatibility when api is omitted", async () => {
     const originalFetch = globalThis.fetch;
     const originalBun = (globalThis as { Bun?: unknown }).Bun;

src/telegram/send.ts

@@ -198,19 +198,24 @@ export async function sendMessageTelegram(
   });
   const renderHtmlText = (value: string) => renderTelegramHtmlText(value, { textMode, tableMode });
 
+  // Resolve link preview setting from config (default: enabled).
+  const linkPreviewEnabled = account.config.linkPreview ?? true;
+  const linkPreviewOptions = linkPreviewEnabled ? undefined : { is_disabled: true };
+
   const sendTelegramText = async (
     rawText: string,
     params?: Record<string, unknown>,
     fallbackText?: string,
   ) => {
     const htmlText = renderHtmlText(rawText);
-    const sendParams = params
+    const baseParams = params ? { ...params } : {};
-      ? {
+    if (linkPreviewOptions) {
-          parse_mode: "HTML" as const,
+      baseParams.link_preview_options = linkPreviewOptions;
-          ...params,
     }
-      : {
+    const hasBaseParams = Object.keys(baseParams).length > 0;
+    const sendParams = {
       parse_mode: "HTML" as const,
+      ...baseParams,
     };
     const res = await request(() => api.sendMessage(chatId, htmlText, sendParams), "message").catch(
       async (err) => {
@@ -222,7 +227,7 @@ export async function sendMessageTelegram(
             console.warn(`telegram HTML parse failed, retrying as plain text: ${errText}`);
           }
           const fallback = fallbackText ?? rawText;
-          const plainParams = params && Object.keys(params).length > 0 ? { ...params } : undefined;
+          const plainParams = hasBaseParams ? baseParams : undefined;
           return await request(
             () =>
               plainParams

src/tts/tts.test.ts

@@ -109,13 +109,13 @@ describe("tts", () => {
   });
 
   describe("isValidOpenAIModel", () => {
-    it("accepts gpt-4o-mini-tts model", () => {
+    it("accepts supported models", () => {
       expect(isValidOpenAIModel("gpt-4o-mini-tts")).toBe(true);
+      expect(isValidOpenAIModel("tts-1")).toBe(true);
+      expect(isValidOpenAIModel("tts-1-hd")).toBe(true);
     });
 
-    it("rejects other models", () => {
+    it("rejects unsupported models", () => {
-      expect(isValidOpenAIModel("tts-1")).toBe(false);
-      expect(isValidOpenAIModel("tts-1-hd")).toBe(false);
       expect(isValidOpenAIModel("invalid")).toBe(false);
       expect(isValidOpenAIModel("")).toBe(false);
       expect(isValidOpenAIModel("gpt-4")).toBe(false);
@@ -123,9 +123,11 @@ describe("tts", () => {
   });
 
   describe("OPENAI_TTS_MODELS", () => {
-    it("contains only gpt-4o-mini-tts", () => {
+    it("contains supported models", () => {
       expect(OPENAI_TTS_MODELS).toContain("gpt-4o-mini-tts");
-      expect(OPENAI_TTS_MODELS).toHaveLength(1);
+      expect(OPENAI_TTS_MODELS).toContain("tts-1");
+      expect(OPENAI_TTS_MODELS).toContain("tts-1-hd");
+      expect(OPENAI_TTS_MODELS).toHaveLength(3);
     });
 
     it("is a non-empty array", () => {

src/tts/tts.ts

@@ -76,6 +76,11 @@ const DEFAULT_OUTPUT = {
   voiceCompatible: false,
 };
 
+const TELEPHONY_OUTPUT = {
+  openai: { format: "pcm" as const, sampleRate: 24000 },
+  elevenlabs: { format: "pcm_22050", sampleRate: 22050 },
+};
+
 const TTS_AUTO_MODES = new Set<TtsAutoMode>(["off", "always", "inbound", "tagged"]);
 
 export type ResolvedTtsConfig = {
@@ -180,6 +185,16 @@ export type TtsResult = {
   voiceCompatible?: boolean;
 };
 
+export type TtsTelephonyResult = {
+  success: boolean;
+  audioBuffer?: Buffer;
+  error?: string;
+  latencyMs?: number;
+  provider?: string;
+  outputFormat?: string;
+  sampleRate?: number;
+};
+
 type TtsStatusEntry = {
   timestamp: number;
   success: boolean;
@@ -736,7 +751,17 @@ function parseTtsDirectives(
   };
 }
 
-export const OPENAI_TTS_MODELS = ["gpt-4o-mini-tts"] as const;
+export const OPENAI_TTS_MODELS = ["gpt-4o-mini-tts", "tts-1", "tts-1-hd"] as const;
+
+/**
+ * Custom OpenAI-compatible TTS endpoint.
+ * When set, model/voice validation is relaxed to allow non-OpenAI models.
+ * Example: OPENAI_TTS_BASE_URL=http://localhost:8880/v1
+ */
+const OPENAI_TTS_BASE_URL = (
+  process.env.OPENAI_TTS_BASE_URL?.trim() || "https://api.openai.com/v1"
+).replace(/\/+$/, "");
+const isCustomOpenAIEndpoint = OPENAI_TTS_BASE_URL !== "https://api.openai.com/v1";
 export const OPENAI_TTS_VOICES = [
   "alloy",
   "ash",
@@ -752,10 +777,14 @@ export const OPENAI_TTS_VOICES = [
 type OpenAiTtsVoice = (typeof OPENAI_TTS_VOICES)[number];
 
 function isValidOpenAIModel(model: string): boolean {
+  // Allow any model when using custom endpoint (e.g., Kokoro, LocalAI)
+  if (isCustomOpenAIEndpoint) return true;
   return OPENAI_TTS_MODELS.includes(model as (typeof OPENAI_TTS_MODELS)[number]);
 }
 
 function isValidOpenAIVoice(voice: string): voice is OpenAiTtsVoice {
+  // Allow any voice when using custom endpoint (e.g., Kokoro Chinese voices)
+  if (isCustomOpenAIEndpoint) return true;
   return OPENAI_TTS_VOICES.includes(voice as OpenAiTtsVoice);
 }
 
@@ -966,7 +995,7 @@ async function openaiTTS(params: {
   apiKey: string;
   model: string;
   voice: string;
-  responseFormat: "mp3" | "opus";
+  responseFormat: "mp3" | "opus" | "pcm";
   timeoutMs: number;
 }): Promise<Buffer> {
   const { text, apiKey, model, voice, responseFormat, timeoutMs } = params;
@@ -982,7 +1011,7 @@ async function openaiTTS(params: {
   const timeout = setTimeout(() => controller.abort(), timeoutMs);
 
   try {
-    const response = await fetch("https://api.openai.com/v1/audio/speech", {
+    const response = await fetch(`${OPENAI_TTS_BASE_URL}/audio/speech`, {
       method: "POST",
       headers: {
         Authorization: `Bearer ${apiKey}`,
@@ -1210,6 +1239,100 @@ export async function textToSpeech(params: {
   };
 }
 
+export async function textToSpeechTelephony(params: {
+  text: string;
+  cfg: ClawdbotConfig;
+  prefsPath?: string;
+}): Promise<TtsTelephonyResult> {
+  const config = resolveTtsConfig(params.cfg);
+  const prefsPath = params.prefsPath ?? resolveTtsPrefsPath(config);
+
+  if (params.text.length > config.maxTextLength) {
+    return {
+      success: false,
+      error: `Text too long (${params.text.length} chars, max ${config.maxTextLength})`,
+    };
+  }
+
+  const userProvider = getTtsProvider(config, prefsPath);
+  const providers = resolveTtsProviderOrder(userProvider);
+
+  let lastError: string | undefined;
+
+  for (const provider of providers) {
+    const providerStart = Date.now();
+    try {
+      if (provider === "edge") {
+        lastError = "edge: unsupported for telephony";
+        continue;
+      }
+
+      const apiKey = resolveTtsApiKey(config, provider);
+      if (!apiKey) {
+        lastError = `No API key for ${provider}`;
+        continue;
+      }
+
+      if (provider === "elevenlabs") {
+        const output = TELEPHONY_OUTPUT.elevenlabs;
+        const audioBuffer = await elevenLabsTTS({
+          text: params.text,
+          apiKey,
+          baseUrl: config.elevenlabs.baseUrl,
+          voiceId: config.elevenlabs.voiceId,
+          modelId: config.elevenlabs.modelId,
+          outputFormat: output.format,
+          seed: config.elevenlabs.seed,
+          applyTextNormalization: config.elevenlabs.applyTextNormalization,
+          languageCode: config.elevenlabs.languageCode,
+          voiceSettings: config.elevenlabs.voiceSettings,
+          timeoutMs: config.timeoutMs,
+        });
+
+        return {
+          success: true,
+          audioBuffer,
+          latencyMs: Date.now() - providerStart,
+          provider,
+          outputFormat: output.format,
+          sampleRate: output.sampleRate,
+        };
+      }
+
+      const output = TELEPHONY_OUTPUT.openai;
+      const audioBuffer = await openaiTTS({
+        text: params.text,
+        apiKey,
+        model: config.openai.model,
+        voice: config.openai.voice,
+        responseFormat: output.format,
+        timeoutMs: config.timeoutMs,
+      });
+
+      return {
+        success: true,
+        audioBuffer,
+        latencyMs: Date.now() - providerStart,
+        provider,
+        outputFormat: output.format,
+        sampleRate: output.sampleRate,
+      };
+    } catch (err) {
+      const error = err as Error;
+      if (error.name === "AbortError") {
+        lastError = `${provider}: request timed out`;
+      } else {
+        lastError = `${provider}: ${error.message}`;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  return {
+    success: false,
+    error: `TTS conversion failed: ${lastError || "no providers available"}`,
+  };
+}
+
 export async function maybeApplyTtsToPayload(params: {
   payload: ReplyPayload;
   cfg: ClawdbotConfig;

ui/src/ui/app-gateway.ts

@@ -124,6 +124,7 @@ export function connectGateway(host: GatewayHost) {
     mode: "webchat",
     onHello: (hello) => {
       host.connected = true;
+      host.lastError = null;
       host.hello = hello;
       applySnapshot(host, hello);
       void loadAssistantIdentity(host as unknown as ClawdbotApp);
@@ -134,7 +135,10 @@ export function connectGateway(host: GatewayHost) {
     },
     onClose: ({ code, reason }) => {
       host.connected = false;
+      // Code 1012 = Service Restart (expected during config saves, don't show as error)
+      if (code !== 1012) {
         host.lastError = `disconnected (${code}): ${reason || "no reason"}`;
+      }
     },
     onEvent: (evt) => handleGatewayEvent(host, evt),
     onGap: ({ expected, received }) => {

ui/src/ui/views/config.browser.test.ts

@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ describe("config view", () => {
     onSubsectionChange: vi.fn(),
   });
 
-  it("disables save when form is unsafe", () => {
+  it("allows save when form is unsafe", () => {
     const container = document.createElement("div");
     render(
       renderConfig({
@@ -59,6 +59,28 @@ describe("config view", () => {
       container,
     );
 
+    const saveButton = Array.from(
+      container.querySelectorAll("button"),
+    ).find((btn) => btn.textContent?.trim() === "Save") as
+      | HTMLButtonElement
+      | undefined;
+    expect(saveButton).not.toBeUndefined();
+    expect(saveButton?.disabled).toBe(false);
+  });
+
+  it("disables save when schema is missing", () => {
+    const container = document.createElement("div");
+    render(
+      renderConfig({
+        ...baseProps(),
+        schema: null,
+        formMode: "form",
+        formValue: { gateway: { mode: "local" } },
+        originalValue: {},
+      }),
+      container,
+    );
+
     const saveButton = Array.from(
       container.querySelectorAll("button"),
     ).find((btn) => btn.textContent?.trim() === "Save") as

ui/src/ui/views/config.ts

@@ -233,9 +233,10 @@ export function renderConfig(props: ConfigProps) {
   const hasRawChanges = props.formMode === "raw" && props.raw !== props.originalRaw;
   const hasChanges = props.formMode === "form" ? diff.length > 0 : hasRawChanges;
 
-  // Save/apply buttons require actual changes to be enabled
+  // Save/apply buttons require actual changes to be enabled.
+  // Note: formUnsafe warns about unsupported schema paths but shouldn't block saving.
   const canSaveForm =
-    Boolean(props.formValue) && !props.loading && !formUnsafe;
+    Boolean(props.formValue) && !props.loading && Boolean(analysis.schema);
   const canSave =
     props.connected &&
     !props.saving &&